unit 4 vocab Flashcards
(34 cards)
religious right
a coalition of conservative groups in the United States and other liberal democracies that focus on applying Christian beliefs to public policy, like legislation against abortion and same-sex-marriage
civil rights movement
popular movements, notably in the united states in the 1950s and 60s, that work to extend rights to marginalized members of society
egalitarianism
a political principle that holds that all people should be treated equals and allowed equal civil, social, political, and economic rights under the law
enfranchisement
the giving of a right or privilege, such as the right to vote
environmentalism
a political and ethical ideology that focuses on protecting the natural environment and lessening the harmful effects that human activities have on the ecosystem.
feminism
the belief in and movement for the social, political, and economic equality for sexes
fiscal policy
direct raxing and spending functions of the government
great depression
an economic crisis that began in late 1929 with the stock market crash and continued through the 1930s
humanitarianism
trying to improve the lives of others and to reduce their suffering through various means, including social reform and aid
human rights
natural rights, which all humans and entitled to
income display
difference in earnings between the rich and the poor
inflation
increase in the general price level of products, the cost of labour, and interest rates
isolationism
a policy remaining apart from the affairs or interest of other countries
Keynesianism
demand-side economics, suggesting that the economy is unstable and that the government is required to regulate consumer demand
labour standards
government enforces rules and standards aimed at safe, clean working environments, and the protection of workers’ rights to free association, collective bargaining, and freedom from discrimination
labour unions
associations of workers engaged in a similar function who unite to speak with management about their concerns. Their purpose is to provide a united voice
mixed economy
an economic system based on free-market principles, but with some government intervention usually to regulate the industry, to moderate the boom-and-bust nature of the free-market business cycle, and to offer social welfare programs
monetary policy
actions taken by the central bank of a country to control the supply of money, sich as adjusting interest rates or printing money
modern liberalism
a reaction against free-market capitalism, suggesting that freedom could not be defined simply as being “left alone” but rather required some government intervention to ensure individual freedom
monetarism
a theory that suggests that a free market and control of a country’s money supply through interest rates the best means to encourage economic growth and limit unemployment and inflation, commonly associated with Friedrich, Hayek, and Milton Friedman
Monopoly
The exclusive ownership or control of trade in a particular good or service
Nativism
the promotion of policies that favour the existing dominant culture in a country and reduce immigration
Neo-conservatism
an ideology that emerged in the United States during the 1950s and 60s as a reaction against modern liberal principles, favouring a return to old values like “family values”, often resting on a religious foundation
New deal
economic policies put in place by US president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933, giving the government a more significant role in the regulation of the economy and providing a social “safety net”
