Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP World > Unit 4 Vocab > Flashcards

Unit 4 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

African Diaspora

A

Africans living outside of Africa (usually as slaves) who retained some aspects of their cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Akbar the Great

A

1556-1605 remembered for his military successes and administrative achievements in the
Mughal Empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Asante Empire

A

African kingdom on the Gold Coast that expanded rapidly after 1680

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Astronomical Chart

A

a map of stars that improved navigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aztec Empire

A

an empire in Mexico that was overthrown by Cortes in 1521

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Barbary Pirates

A

those who plied the seas near North Africa along the Barbary Coast and captured other
European slaves in the Mediterranean and then sold them to the sultan or other high-ranking officials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

sailed around the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 into unknown waters then returned home for
fear of a mutiny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Boyars

A

Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European
counterparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Capitalism

A

the economic system of large financial institutions —banks, stock exchanges, investment
companies—that first developed in early modern Europe. Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early
modern economy, is often distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carolina Fur Trade

A

(1600´s) English fur traders pushed into the interior to compete with French trading networks
based in New Orleans and Mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cartography

A

map making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cash Crop

A

sellable crop that is grown and gathered for the market such as sugar and tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Charter Companies

A

groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for
a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

a system where individuals were considered property to be bought and sold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

navigator who explored the Americas under the flag of Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

City of Potosi

A

located in Bolivia it was one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous cities in
colonial Spanish America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

Exchange:the exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and
the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish soldiers who conquered parts of the Americas in the 16th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cossack

A

peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries,
or outlaws.They led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Creole

A

West African languages mixed with European languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Criollos

A

those of European ancestry who were born in the Americas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dahomey

A

West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers exploitation of the slave trade and
acquisition of firearms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Dutch West India Company

A

A mercantile company chartered by the Dutch to conduct trade missions
throughout the East Indies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Dutch East India Company
Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchant; trade in the Americas and Africa
25
Engenhos
Portuguese sugar plantations called “engines” because of the amount of sugar they processed. The working conditions were horrible and the labor force suffered greatly
26
Encomienda
A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies that provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians
27
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world
28
Fransisco Pizarro
Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima
29
Galleons
Spanish trading ships that made round-trip sailing voyages once or twice per year across the Pacific Ocean
30
Glorious Revolution
also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau
31
Gloucester County Rebellion
first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States took place in Virginia in 1663
32
The Great Northern War
war between the Russians and the Swedish. It was long and costly for both sides, but the Russians ended up gaining control of the Baltic Sea
33
Henry The Navigator
Prince of Portugal who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of Portugals colonial empire.
33
Hispaniola
name Columbus gave to the island that is now Haiti and the Dominican Republic
34
Indentured Servant
a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years
35
Iroquois Confederacy
an alliance of five northeastern Amerindian peoples that made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of representatives. Allied first with the Dutch and later with the English, the Confederacy dominated the area from western New England to the Great Lakes
36
Jamestone
English colony in Virginia that was England’s first successful colony in the Americas
37
Japanese Trade Decrees
series of decrees that were designed to keep Christianity from resurfacing, and it sharply curtailed trade with Europe. Europeans entering illegally faced the death penalty and Japanese were required to produce certificates from the Buddhist temples attesting to their loyalty and religious orthodoxy
38
Jesuit Missionaries
Missionaries from the Society of Jesus, they tried and failed to bring Christianity to Japan, but were successful in reaching the elite and scholars in China
39
Joint-Stock Companies
businesses that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors
40
Manchus
 Federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Empire
41
Manila
Spanish commercial center of the Philippines that attracted merchants
42
Manumisson
 A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave; more common in Brazil, Spanish, and French than in English colonies
43
Martha Empire
Indian power that existed from 1674 to 1818 and ruled over a large area of the Indian subcontinent; credited with ending Mughal rule in India
44
Maritime Empires
empires such as Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland that were based upon sea travel
45
Maroon Wars
slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom
46
Mercantillism
 European government policies of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies to trade only with their motherland country
47
Mestizos
 the term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent
48
Metacoms War
also called King Philip’s war, English colonists used underhanded tactics to control Native American lands
49
Middle Passage
the part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas
50
Ming Dynasty
 (1368-1644) Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. The later years of the Ming saw a slowdown in technological development and economic decline
51
Mita System
labor obligation in Peru that required a percentage of the adult male Amerindians to work for two to four months each year in mines, farms, or textile factories
52
Monopolies
granted certain merchants or the government itself the exclusive right to trade
53
Mulatto
 the term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent
54
New Amsterdam
Dutch settlement in the Hudson River Valley that is present day New York city
55
New France
French colony in North America along the St. Lawrence River
56
New Spain
colony established by Cortes after overthrowing the Aztecs in Mexico
57
Northwest Passage
a route through or around North America that would lead to East Asia and the trade there
58
Omani-European Rivalry
a trade rivalry between traders from Oman and European traders over the Indian Ocean Trade Route that fueled Columbus’s search for a new route to India
59
Oyo
African empire that became rich by selling its captives to Europeans
60
Peninsulares
those who were born on the Iberian peninsula and stood at the top of the social pyramid in Latin America
61
Plantations
 the labor intensive agricultural centers of the new world which were implemented by Spain, Britain, and Portugal
62
Port of Luanda
 founded by the Portuguese in 1575, became the center of the slave trade in Brazil
63
Primogeniture Laws
law in Europe that required estates to be passed down to the eldest son
64
Pueblo Revolt
revolt in 1860 of the Pueblo and Apache against the Spanish which temporarily drove the Spanish out of the area that is now New Mexico
65
Puritans
 English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth. They founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629
66
Quebec
French trading post established in 1608
67
Royal African Company
 a trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchant trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa.
68
Russian Serfdom
 in Russia they worked has artisans and laborers in factories they were essentially slaves. Its practice was not abolished until 1861
69
Smallpox
disease brought to the Americas by way of Europeans that was deadly to the native populations
70
Syncretism
the combining of different religious practices and beliefs
71
Time of Troubles
 the time in the early 17th century when Swedish and Polish forces occupied Moscow; it marked the end of the Muscovite Rulers
72
Trading Post Empire
empire based on small outposts rather than control of large territories
73
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Africans captured and sold in the Americas as slaves
74
Treaty of Tordesillias
1494 treaty in which Spain and Portugal divided the Americas between them
75
Triangular Trade
Atlantic trading system that had three segments which enslaved Africans were part of
76
Vasco Da Gama
landed in India in 1498 and claimed territory for Portugal’s empire
77
Viceroyalty
 the highest ranking Spanish officials in the colonies who enjoyed broad power, but also faced obstacles to their authority in the vast territories they sought to control
78
Zambos
those of mixed indigenous and African ancestry in the Americas

AP World (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions