unit 4 vocab quiz

Question 1

Nonrenewable resources

Answer 1

Used faster than the rate at which they form

Question 2

Renewable resource

Answer 2

A natural resource that can be re-
placed at the same rate at which it is used

Question 3

Ecological footprint

Answer 3

The amount of land necessary to produce and maintain enough food and water, shelter, energy, and waste

Question 4

Pollution

Answer 4

Any undesirable factor, or pollutant, that is added to the air, water, or soil

Question 5

Smog

Answer 5

A type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions

Question 6

Particulates

Answer 6

Microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned
fuel, 1–10 microns in size, that are produced by many industrial processes

Question 7

Acid rain

Answer 7

A type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop below normal levels.​

Question 8

Greenhouse effect

Answer 8

Occurs when carbon dioxide, water, and methane
molecules absorb energy reradiated by Earth’s surface and slow the release of this energy from Earth’s atmosphere.​

Question 9

Global warming

Answer 9

The trend of increasing global temperatures

Question 10

ATP

Answer 10

A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes

Question 11

ADP

Answer 11

Is a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group

Question 12

Chemosynthesis

Answer 12

is a process by which some organisms use chemical energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules

Question 13

​Photosynthesis

Answer 13

A process that captures energy from sunlight to make
sugars that store chemical energy

Question 14

Chlorophyll

Answer 14

Is a molecule in chloroplasts, that absorbs some of the energy in visible light

Question 15

Thylakoids

Answer 15

Membrane inside chloroplasts that that contains components for photosynthesis

Question 16

Light-dependent reactions

Answer 16

Capture energy from sunlight. These reactions take place within and across the membrane of the thylakoids

Question 17

Light-Independent reactions

Answer 17

Use energy from the light-dependent
reactions to make sugars. These reactions occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are needed during this stage of photosynthesis

Question 18

Photosystems

Answer 18

Series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membrane

Question 19

Electron transport chain

Answer 19

Series of proteins in the thylakoid and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons.

Question 20

ATP synthase

Answer 20

Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

Question 21

Calvin cycle

Answer 21

A biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP

Question 22

Cellular respiration

Answer 22

Releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-
based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present

Question 23

Glycolysis

Answer 23

Splits glucose into two three-carbon molecules and makes two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis takes place in a cell’s cytoplasm and does not need oxygen

Question 24

Anaerobic

Answer 24

Does not need oxygen to take place - Glycolysis

Question 25

Krebs cycle

Answer 25

Produces molecules that carry energy to the second part of cellular respiration. Releases lots of ATP. Converts pyruvic acid into CO2 and Water

Question 26

Fermentation

Answer 26

Does not make ATP, but it allows glycolysis to continue. Removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis

Question 27

Lactic acid

Answer 27

Product of fermentation, like in human muscle cells