Unit 4 - vocabulary

Question 1

Organisms that feed on dead, organic matter

Answer 1

Detritivores

Question 2

Organisms that feeds on plants and algae

Answer 2

Herbivores

Question 3

Organisms that feed on other animals

Answer 3

Carnivores

Question 4

Organisms that feed on a combo of plants/animals/archaea/bacteria

Answer 4

Omnivores

Question 5

Animals that capture food by filtering out particles floating in the water or drifting through the air

Answer 5

Suspension (filter) feeders

Question 6

Animals that ingest organic material that has been deposited within a substrate or on its surface

Answer 6

Deposit feeders

Question 7

Animals that suck or mop up liquids such as nectar/plant sap/blood/fruit juice

Answer 7

Fluid feeders

Question 8

Animals that take chunks of food into their mouths

Answer 8

Mass feeders

Question 9

Features found on sponges that provide structural support

Answer 9

Spicules

Question 10

Named for embryonic development of the mouth before the anus, but many patterns of development occur

Answer 10

Protostomes

Question 11

Embryonic development of the anus before the mouth

Answer 11

Deuterostomes

Question 12

Specialized structure that rings the mouth and functions in suspension feeding

Answer 12

Lophophore

Question 13

A type of larvae with a ring of cilia around its middle, which allows for swimming and sometimes feeding

Answer 13

Trochophore

Question 14

Rotifera

Answer 14

Rotifers

Question 15

Platyhelminthes

Answer 15

Flatworms

Question 16

Annelida

Answer 16

Segmented worms

Question 17

Mollusca

Answer 17

Mollusks

Question 18

Nematoda

Answer 18

Roundworms

Question 19

Tardigrada

Answer 19

Water beras

Question 20

Arthropoda

Answer 20

Arthropods

Question 21

Large muscle located at the base of the animal and used in movement

Answer 21

Foot

Question 22

Region containing the main organ systems

Answer 22

Visceral Mass

Question 23

Outgrown of the body wall that covers the visceral mass, forming an enclosure called the mantle cavity (may secrete a hard calcium carbonate shell)

Answer 23

Mantle

Question 24

Feeding structure in the mouth, which functions as a rasp or file

Answer 24

Radula

Question 25

Organized into prominent regions (tagmata)

Answer 25

Segmented body

Question 26

Made primarily of chitin, strengthened by calcium carbonate in crustaceans

Answer 26

Exoskeletons

Question 27

Enable rigid body to move; organized in pairs along the segmented body

Answer 27

Jointed appendages

Question 28

Hard calcium carbonate structure inside a thin layer of epidermal tissue; protects and supports body

Answer 28

Endoskeleton

Question 29

Series of branching, fluid-filled tubes and chambers

Answer 29

Water vascular system

Question 30

Elongated, fluid-filled appendages; consists of ampulla (inside body) and podium (projecting outside body)

Answer 30

Tube feed

Question 31

Openings or pouches in the throat

Answer 31

Pharyngeal slits or pouches

Question 32

Composed of projections from neurons & runs the length of the body

Answer 32

Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 33

Stiff and supportive flexible rod Runs the length of the body

Answer 33

Notochord

Question 34

Muscular tail that extends past the anus

Answer 34

Post-anal tail

Question 35

Column of cartilaginous or bony structures, which form along the dorsal side of the body

Answer 35

Vertebrates

Question 36

Body, cartilaginous, or fibrous case that encloses the brain

Answer 36

Cranium

Question 37

Strong but flexible tissue that consist of scattered cells in a gel-like matrix of polysaccharides and protein fibers

Answer 37

Cartilage

Question 38

Dense tissue consisting of cells and blood vessels encased in a matrix made primarily of calcium phosphate, along with a small amount of protein fibers

Answer 38

Bone

Question 39

An organism's physical structure (or form)

Answer 39

Anatomy

Question 40

How the physical structure in an organism function

Answer 40

Physiology

Question 41

Heritable traits that can make individuals more likely to survive and reproduce in a certain environment than individuals that lack those traits

Answer 41

Adaptations

Question 42

Throats

Answer 42

pharyngeal jaws

Question 43

Mouth

Answer 43

oral jaws

Question 44

Facilitate the digestion of cellulose by symbiotic organism

Answer 44

Ruminant stomachs

Question 45

A reservoir just past the esophagus that stores and moistens food, allows animals to delay food processing until a time when the animal is in a safe place

Answer 45

Crop

Question 46

A muscular compartment that grinds food

Answer 46

Gizzard

Question 47

Stability in the chemical and physical conditions within an organism's cells, tissues, and organs

Answer 47

Homeostasis

Question 48

Actively maintains relatively constant internal conditions even when the environment fluctuates

Answer 48

Regulator

Question 49

Internal conditions change as the environment fluctuates

Answer 49

Conformer

Question 50

Regulation of temperature

Answer 50

Thermoregulation

Question 51

Exchange of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as light or infrared (heat) waves

Answer 51

Radiation

Question 52

Process in which heat is transferred when liquid water turns into a gas (water vapor)

Answer 52

Evaporation

Question 53

Transfer of heat between two objects that are in contact with each other

Answer 53

Conduction

Question 54

Heat transfer caused by the movement of air or liquid over a surface

Answer 54

Convection

Question 55

Produces adequate heat to warm its own tissues

Answer 55

Endotherm

Question 56

Relies primarily on heat gained from the environment

Answer 56

Ectotherm

Question 57

Keeps body temperature constant

Answer 57

Homeotherm

Question 58

Allows body temperature to rise or fall depending on environmental conditions

Answer 58

Poikilotherm

Question 59

All the populations of different species that interact in a certain area

Answer 59

Community

Question 60

The community of interacting species present in a region, along with abiotic components

Answer 60

Ecosystem

Question 61

An organism that can synthesize its own food from inorganic sources (autotrophs)

Answer 61

Primary producer

Question 62

Energy can not be created or destroyed. It can only be transferred or transformed

Answer 62

Law of conservation of energy

Question 63

The total amount of chemical energy produced in a given area and time period

Answer 63

Gross primary production (GPP)

Question 64

Use of chemical energy to produce ATP

Answer 64

Cellular respiration

Question 65

Energy invested by primary producers in building new tissue or offspring; represents the total amount of chemical potential energy that is stored in organic material (biomass)

Answer 65

Net primary productivity

Question 66

Organisms that obtain energy from the same type of source

Answer 66

Trophic level

Question 67

Combination of food chain

Answer 67

Food web

Question 68

A large vertical main root of a plant's root system that grows directly downward

Answer 68

Taproot system

Question 69

System in which no root is more prominent than the others

Answer 69

Fibrous root system

Question 70

The ability of individual genotypes to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions

Answer 70

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 71

The ability plants have where they can grow throughout their lives

Answer 71

Indeterminate growth

Question 72

Populations of undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to undergo mitosis?

Answer 72

Meristems

Question 73

Increase in length of shoots and roots

Answer 73

Primary growth

Question 74

Increase in width of shoots and roots

Answer 74

Secondary growth

Question 75

The evolution of a head (or anterior region) where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information in concentration

Answer 75

Cephalization

Question 75

A fluid filled cavity

Answer 75

Coelom

Question 75

Enclosed body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

Answer 75

Coelomates

Question 76

No enclosed body cavity

Answer 76

Acoelomates

Question 77

Enclosed body cavity partially lined with mesoderm

Answer 77

Pseudocoelomates