Unit 4.1 (A): Classifications

Question 1

• Science of classifying organisms. Provides universal names for organisms.
• Its goal is to show relationships among organisms. It also provides a means of identifying organisms.

Answer 1

TAXONOMY

Question 2

the science of classification of organisms according to their natural relationships

Answer 2

PHYLOGENY/SYSTEMATICS

Question 3

DATE

1. Living organisms divided into five kingdoms.
2. Two types of prokaryotic cells found. Prokaryotic relationships determined by rRNA sequencing.
3. All Species Inventory

Answer 3

1. 1969
2. 1978
3. 2001-2005

Question 4

From the time of____, living organisms were categorized in just two ways, as either plants or animals.

Answer 4

ARISTOTLE

Question 5

Introduced a formal system of classification with two kingdoms—**Plantae **and Animalia

Answer 5

CAROLUS LINNAEUS, 1735

Question 6

Three Kingdom System -PROTISTA, PLANTAE & ANIMALIA
Protista (unicellular organisms; microscopic)

Answer 6

ERNST HAECKEL, 1886

Question 7

proposed a four kingdom classification – MYCOTA, PROTOCTISTA, PLANTAE & ANIMALIA
Mycota – bacteria & blue-green algae
Protoctista/Protista – protozoans, fungi

Answer 7

HERBERT FAULKNER COPELAND (1956)

Question 8

proposed that bacteria and fungi be placed in the plant kingdom

Answer 8

CARL VON NAGELI, 1800s

Question 9

proposed the Kingdom Protista, to include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi.

Answer 9

ERNST HAECKEL

Question 10

 proposed a five kingdom classification – MONERA, FUNGI, PROTISTA, PLANTAE & ANIMALIA

Answer 10

ROBERT H. WHITAKKER, 1969

Question 11

Six kingdoms (Carl Woese and George Fox )

Answer 11

Kingdom Archaebacteria - often adaptedto harsh conditions
Kingdom Eubacteria - true bacteria
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

Question 12

a group of organisms considered to be more evolved than bacteria

Answer 12

ARCHAEA

Question 13

proposed elevating the three cell types to a level above kingdom, called domain.

Answer 13

CARL R. WOESE, 1978

Question 14

3 Major Groups of Archaea

Answer 14

• METHANOGENS
• EXTREME HALOPHILES
• HYPERTHERMOPHILES

Question 15

TYPE OF ARCHAEA

strict anaerobes that produce methane (CH4) from carbon dioxide and hydrogen

Answer 15

METHANOGENS

Question 16

TYPE OF ARCHAEA

Require high concentrations of salt for survival

Answer 16

EXTREME HALOPHILES

Question 17

TYPE OF ARCHAEA

Normally grow in extremely hot environments

Answer 17

HYPERTHERMOPHILES

Question 18

3 Domains of Life

Answer 18

1. Eukarya
2. Bacteria
3. Archaea

Question 19

domain of life

include plants, animals, protists, and fungi

Answer 19

EUKARYA

Question 20

DOMAIN OF LIFE

(with peptidoglycan) includes all of the pathogenic prokaryotes as well as many of the nonpathogenic prokaryotes found in soil and water and the photoautotrophic prokaryotes

Answer 20

BACTERIA

Question 21

DOMAIN OF LIFE

(prokaryotes that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. ). They often live in extreme environments and carry out unusual metabolic processes.

Answer 21

ARCHAEA

Question 22

eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells living inside one another, as endosymbionts.

Answer 22

ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

Question 23

Hierarchical System of Classification was established by

Answer 23

Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Taxonomy

Question 24

organisms are grouped based purely on inferred evolutionary relatedness, ignoring morphological similarity

Answer 24

PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY

Question 25

uses **DNA sequences** as data, has also driven many recent revisions and is likely to continue doing

Answer 25

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS

Question 26

From the least to the most inclusive

Answer 26

Dear King Peter Came Over For Good Soup (reverse lang since least to most daw)

Question 27

this system gives two names to each organism (genus + specific epithet)

Answer 27

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

Question 28

scientific naming is proposed by______

Answer 28

CAROLUS LINNAEUS