unit 5

Question 1

what are igneous rocks?

Answer 1

rocks formed by the cooling of magma

Question 2

what are sedimentary rocks?

Answer 2

rocks that are formed when sediments are cemented together

Question 3

what are processes that make sediment into sedimentary rock?

Answer 3

weathering, erosion, deposition, lithification, cementation

Question 4

what is metamorphic rock?

Answer 4

existing rocks that are changed by heat or pressure

Question 5

what are convergent boundaries?

Answer 5

plates moving together

Question 6

what are collision convergent boundaries?

Answer 6

two continents converging

Question 7

what is created during collision convergent boundaries?

Answer 7

mountains

Question 8

what are subduction convergent boundaries?

Answer 8

two plates moving together and the denser plate subducts into the mantle

Question 9

what is created at an ocean to ocean subduction convergent boundary?

Answer 9

deep sea trenches and volcanic islands

Question 10

what is created at a continental-to-continental convergent boundary?

Answer 10

deep sea trenches, mountain ranges, volcanoes

Question 11

what are divergent boundaries?

Answer 11

when plates move away from each other

Question 12

what is created at ocean to ocean divergent plates?

Answer 12

mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading

Question 13

what is created at continental-to-continental divergent boundaries?

Answer 13

valleys and volcanoes

Question 14

what is pyroclastic flow?

Answer 14

cloud of volcanic gas, dust and tephra

Question 15

what is a caldera?

Answer 15

a large depression that forms when a volcano collapses

Question 16

what is lahar?

Answer 16

volcanic debris within mud

Question 17

what is a vent?

Answer 17

the opening where lava erupts from a volcano

Question 18

what is viscosity?

Answer 18

resistance of a liquid substance to flow (thickness)

Question 19

what is a shield volcano?

Answer 19

biggest volcano, broad-gentle slopes, non-explosive erupts, contains basaltic magma

Question 20

what is a cinder-cone volcano?

Answer 20

smallest volcano, small and steep sides, ejected material piled high, explosive eruptions contains rhyolitic magma

Question 21

what is a composite volcano?

Answer 21

layers of lava with fragments, large mountain, violent eruptions, contains andesitic magma

Question 22

what is basaltic magma?

Answer 22

forms shield volcanoes, forms in the upper mantle, low viscosity, quiet explosion

Question 23

what is rhyolitic magma?

Answer 23

forms cinder-cone volcanoes, high viscosity, high explosiveness

Question 24

what is andesitic magma?

Answer 24

forms in subduction zones, intermediate viscosity, intermediate explosiveness

Question 25

what is the crust?

Answer 25

the thinnest, outermost solid layer of earth

Question 26

what is the mantle?

Answer 26

the thickest zone making up of 2/3 of earth's mass

Question 27

what is the lithosphere?

Answer 27

a solid layer made up of the upper mantle and the lower crust

Question 28

what is the asthenosphere?

Answer 28

a flexible layer made up of the upper mantle

Question 29

what is the core made of?

Answer 29

nickel and iron

Question 30

what is the outer core?

Answer 30

a dense liquid layer that s waves can't pass through

Question 31

what is the inner core?

Answer 31

the dense, solid core

Question 32

what is force?

Answer 32

any push or pull

Question 33

what is stress?

Answer 33

force

Question 34

what is strain?

Answer 34

bend

Question 35

what are the three type of faults?

Answer 35

normal faults, reverse faults, strike-slip faults

Question 36

what are normal faults?

Answer 36

the rock moves up and down, occurs at divergent boundaries

Question 37

what happens at reverse faults?

Answer 37

rock above the fault moves up, occur at convergent boundaries

Question 38

what happens at the strike-slip fault?

Answer 38

rock move away from each other, occur at transform boundaries

Question 39

what is seismology?

Answer 39

the study of earthquakes

Question 40

what is a focus-point?

Answer 40

the underground point where an earthquake originates

Question 41

what is the epicenter?

Answer 41

the point on the earth's surface above the focus

Question 42

where does compression occur?

Answer 42

convergent boundaries with reverse faults

Question 43

where does tension occur?

Answer 43

divergent boundaries with normal faults

Question 44

where does shear occur?

Answer 44

transform boundaries with strike-slip faults

Question 45

what are primary waves?

Answer 45

the fastest seismic waves that can travel through liquids, solids, and inbetween

Question 46

what are secondary waves?

Answer 46

slower waves, particles move perpendicular to the waves

Question 47

what are long waves?

Answer 47

seismic waves that move in circles and travel along earth's surface creating the most damage