Unit 5

Question 1

Extensive agriculture

Answer 1

Utilizes machines, large lots of land, located away from populated areas

Question 2

Intensive produce

Answer 2

Large amounts of labor used, small plots of land, and located near ares with high population

Question 3

Environmental possibilism

Answer 3

Individuals manipulate and change the environment

Question 4

Shifting cultivation

Answer 4

Farmers move from one field to another (also includes slash and burn agriculture)

Question 5

Nomadic herding

Answer 5

Nomads move herds to different pastures, rely on animals for survival

Question 6

Livestock ranching

Answer 6

Commercial livestock grazing. Eventually they will be sent to be slaughtered

Question 7

Commercial grain farming

Answer 7

Grown primarily for human consumption

Question 8

Market/commercial gardening

Answer 8

Intensive agriculture such as tomatoes that tends to spoil quickly

Question 9

Plantation agriculture

Answer 9

Specializes in one crop transported for sale in the global market

Question 10

Mixed crop/livestock

Answer 10

Crops are grown to feed animals, money comes from livestock

Question 11

Mediterranean

Answer 11

Commercial food grown that requires hot and dry climates

Question 12

Long lot

Answer 12

Geometric boundaries next to a body of water

Question 13

Township and range

Answer 13

Rectangle/grid system to maintain a uniform survey method

Question 14

Dispersed land settlement

Answer 14

Settlements are dispersed and isolated over the land

Question 15

Linear

Answer 15

Settlement is organized along a line

Question 16

Domestication

Answer 16

Effort to grow and raise plants/animals to adapt to human needs

Question 17

What did the Fertile crescent grow

Answer 17

Wheat (bread basket)

Question 18

Southeast Asia crops

Answer 18

Sugarcane, rice, tea, taro

Question 19

East Asia

Answer 19

Rice, soybeans

Question 20

Sub Saharan Africa

Answer 20

Coffee, sorghum, African rice

Question 21

Mesoamérica

Answer 21

Maize, potatoes

Question 22

Independent inventions

Answer 22

When a certain trait has many cultural hearths that developed seperatly

Question 23

How did agriculture spread

Answer 23

Contagious diffusion

Question 24

Colombian Exchange

Answer 24

Exchange of goods and ideas between North America Africa and Europe

Question 25

Crop rotation

Answer 25

Growing different crops at different times to allow soil to replenish

Question 26

Substinence farming

Answer 26

Grow food for family/town, not much surplus or income, manual labor

Question 27

Commercial farming

Answer 27

Food grown to be sold at market; purpose is to make a profit

Question 28

Monocropping

Answer 28

Growing mass amounts of one crop; leads to lack of biodiversity

Question 29

Agribusinesses

Answer 29

Large-scale businesses that process and distribute produce

Question 30

Economies of scale

Answer 30

Large scale farming is more cost effective since they can get lower bulk prices

Question 31

Monocropping

Answer 31

Extensively growing a single crop

Question 32

Vertical integration

Answer 32

One company owns the entire process (from farms to putting it on the shelf)

Question 33

Economies of scale

Answer 33

Large scale farming is able to mass produce, allowing the farms to save money

Question 34

Commodity chains

Answer 34

Improvements allow farmers to grow their crops/animals to grow far from their market

Question 35

Bid-rent theory

Answer 35

Most desirable land is closest to the market. Closer you are to the market, the higher the rent

Question 36

Von Thunen Model Major Idea

Answer 36

-perishability factors into how close or far a farm is to its market -transportation costs are relative to distance from market

Question 37

Shifting cultivation

Answer 37

Land is cultivated until soil is infertile

Question 38

Biotechnology drawbacks

Answer 38

Costly and concerns over health effects of GMOs

Question 39

Aquaculture

Answer 39

Fish farms created to fight overfishing, but can lead to spread of diseases