Unit 5 Flashcards
(86 cards)
Territoriality
A groups control of, desire to control, possession of, or attachment to a piece of land
Sovereignty
The ability of a state (country) to control its economy and govern itself without interference from outside countries
Autonomy
Is a wide ranging term meaning the ability for a country, group, or individual to make its own decisions w/o coercion from the outside
Time period #1: start of human history to formation of city states
- no states (countries)
- no clear, mutually agreed upon boundaries
Time period #2: formation of city-states
City state: a city with its surrounding territory forms an independent state
- still no clearly defined boundaries
Time period #3: time between city states and Treaty of Westphalia
- no states (countries)
- no clear, mutually agreed upon boundaries
- large borderless empires, kingdoms
Time period #4: 1648 treaty or peace of Westphalia
- European leaders formalized boundaries and the concept of state sovereignty
Nationalism
Strong loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality; typically associated with the belief/loyalty/in/to an ethnic identity
Self-determination
The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves in their own nation-state
Nation-state
Like people (nations) wanted to create their own countries (states) and rule themselves
Colonialism
Is the physical settlement in a new territory of people from a colonizing state
Imperialism
Is the control (not physical settlement) of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society
Mercantilism
Mother country obtains raw materials from colonies then sells finished goods to same colonies thus increasing economic growth
Long term economic consequences of colonialism
- The status of many semi periphery and periphery countries can be traces to colonialism
- Some countries that were former colonies still have poorly developed economies as a result of mercantilism
- Many former colonies still have economies based on the collection and export of raw materials
Long term political consequences of colonialism
- European colonizers ran the government, and when they left, there was a lack of qualified leaders
- Sometimes military leaders were in position to take control, this lead some countries to be ruled by dictators
- Some ethnic groups that gained power and took advantage of their power at the expense of other ethnic groups
Long term social consequences of colonialism
- Countries that were colonized usually have very few rich and a large number of poor (Wealth inequality is a centrifugal force)
- Repression, slavery, and exploitation of groups has hindered cultural groups independent development
- Similarly, other exploited groups such as indigenous that were not favored by colonizers struggle
Decolonization and the creation of Independent Countries
Wave 1 (1800’s): Latin American countries gain independence as Spain and Portugal lose their status as global powers
Wave 2 (post WW1 & WW2): After WW2, European countries don’t have the resources to control colonies
- Colonies in Africa and Asia gain independence at this time
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism is the set of economic strategies by which wealthy and powerful countries indirectly maintain or extend their influence over less wealthy areas
State
An organized political unit with an established government: a political concept
Nation
A group of people that has a common ancestry regardless of it controlling a territory; an ethnic concept
Exclaves
Political areas of one country separated from the main body by another country
Enclave
A cluster of a minority ethnic group different from the major ethnic group in an area
Nation-State
Political entity (country) where group of people (nation) within/controlling a country are ethnically homogenous (the same)
Stateless Nation
A culture group (nation) that has no state they control
