Unit 5

Question 1

Weather associated with High Pressure

Answer 1

Clear skies cooler temps

Question 2

Weather associated with Low Pressure

Answer 2

More precipitation
forms clouds

Question 3

High Pressure

Answer 3

More dense & cooled air & sinking& clear skies & air outside moves away from center

Question 4

Low Pressure

Answer 4

less dense & warmer air & rising & precipitation& air inside rises

Question 5

3 things that impact wind

Answer 5

contrast in pressure, convection, Coriolis effect

Question 6

3 things that impact surface currents

Answer 6

global winds, Coriolis effect, continental deflection

Question 7

2 things that impact deep currents

Answer 7

salinity water temperature

Question 8

El Nino

Answer 8

-HP over the western Pacific by SE Australia and Asia
-LP over the Eastern Pacific by CA.
-Drought in Australia and Asia.
- Increase in precipitation in California and SE US.
-Decrease in hurricanes along the east coast
-Changes where high and low pressure are located and disrupt weather patterns in the USA, ASIA, Australia

Question 9

Coriolis Effect

Answer 9

Movement in wind and currents to right or left is caused by Earth’s rotations.

Question 10

Specific Heat

Answer 10

Thermal energy is needed to raise temp by 1 celsius. It affects how fast or slow oceans and atmosphere are.

Question 11

What do ocean currents do?

Answer 11

They can affect weather of coastal regions
Moves water and nutrients in the ocean

Question 12

gyres

Answer 12

Gyres are looped systems of surface currents moving in the same direction. There are 5 in the world.

Question 13

How do gyres move

Answer 13

Gyres move in different directions depending on what hemisphere they are located in. Northern Hemisphere = Clockwise
Southern Hemisphere = Counterclockwise

Question 14

eddies

Answer 14

Eddies are smaller, temporary loops of swirling water that can travel long distances before eventually dispersing.

Question 15

What do eddies do

Answer 15

Eddies transport and redistribute salinity and heat between different water masses.

Question 16

What are surface currents affected by

Answer 16

Surface currents are streams of water near the surface of the ocean controlled by global winds, the Coriolis Effect, and continental deflections.

Question 17

Continental Deflections:

Answer 17

When surface currents reach continents, they are deflected, causing the current to travel in another direction

Question 18

The Coriolis Effect

Answer 18

Northern hemisphere-right\
Southern-left

Question 19

Global Winds

Answer 19

Winds blow continually across the Earth’s surface, pushing water as it goes. Global winds caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface, driven by the sun

Question 20

Deep Currents

Answer 20

Winds blow continually across the Earth’s surface, pushing water as it goes. Global winds caused by unequal heating of Earth’s surface, driven by the sun

Question 21

What drives ocean currents

Answer 21

Caused by differences in water density
Density differences caused by differences in salinity and water temperature

Question 22

Tropical cyclones need ____

Answer 22

warm tropical water, moisture, light upper-level winds, and a pre-existing weather system.

Question 23

Hurricane

Answer 23

Located in the North Atlantic, central North Pacific, & eastern North Pacific Oceans

Question 24

Typhoon

Answer 24

Located in Northwest Pacific Ocean

Question 25

How do tropical cyclones move in northern hemisphere

Answer 25

northern hemisphere (winds blow to right, coriolis is CCW)

Question 26

How do tropical cyclones move in southern hemisphere

Answer 26

southern hemisphere (winds blow to right, Coriolis is CCW)

Question 27

Convection currents

Answer 27

-Convection currents are the movement of air due to differences in density. -Convection: transfer of heat through gas or liquid

Question 28

Radiation

Answer 28

the transfer of thermal energy through EM Waves

Question 29

What affects convection currents

Answer 29

Sun drives convection due to unequal heating of Earth.

Question 30

What is pressure and how does the sun affect it?

Answer 30

Air pressure changes are due to the unequal heating of the earth’s surface Causes areas of warmer, less dense air that rises and cooler, more dense air that sinks

Question 31

High Air Pressure

Answer 31

At a high-pressure center, air sinks slowly down.

Question 32

Low Pressure Systems

Answer 32

A low-pressure system is a large weather system that surrounds a center of low pressure.

Question 33

What are air masses?

Answer 33

Large masses of air with relatively the same temperature and humidity (moisture; amount of water)

Question 34

Fronts

Answer 34

The boundary lines between different air masses

Question 35

Cold Fronts

Answer 35

-thunderstorms and large amounts of rain, snow, or hail -Cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass,

Question 36

Warm Fronts

Answer 36

-Warm air mass slowly overtakes a colder air mass, -drizzly rain from rising air

Question 37

Stationary Fronts

Answer 37

-Slow-moving cold air mass meets a warm air mass. -multiple days of drizzly rain.

Question 38

Occluded Fronts

Answer 38

-Warm air mass caught between 2 cold air masses. -Typically brings large amounts of rain and/or snow

Question 39

Global Winds are affected by

Answer 39

Coriolis effect Convection Pressure

Question 40

Jet stream

Answer 40

narrow band of high speed winds; blow from west to east

Question 41

Sea Breeze

Answer 41

-Occurs during the day -Land heats faster than water; this creates H pressure over the water and L pressure over the land

Question 42

How does air move

Answer 42

-The wind is created by the constant movement of air from high to low pressure and back! - The greater the pressure differences, the faster the wind moves.

Question 43

Land Breeze

Answer 43

-Typically at night -Land cools faster than water; makes the H over the land and the L over the water

Question 44

5 main climate types:

Answer 44

Tropical Dry Temperate Continental Polar

Question 45

A region’s climate depends on:

Answer 45

Latitude: Areas closer to the equator have the warmest climates. Bodies of Water: Along coastlines, weather is more constant throughout the year. Altitude: Mountainous areas are often rainy or snowy Buildings & Concrete: These retain solar energy which causes temperatures to be higher in urban areas. This causes a special climate in a small area.

Question 46

The Hydrosphere and Climate

Answer 46

Proximity to water causes higher humidity (the amount of water vapor in the air). The closer you are to water, the higher the humidity (the further away, the less humidity).