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Bio 200 > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Endomembrane system

A

Membrane limited compartments involved in processing and movement of proteins

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2
Q

All proteins are processed after they are translated (T or F)

A

True

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3
Q

Folding make proteins

A

Functional

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4
Q

Modifications of proteins regulates their

A

Activity, interactions, and stability

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5
Q

Cleavage of proteins can

A

Activate or inactivate proteins

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6
Q

Without modifications GFP would be primarily found in the

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

For GFP to be found in the ER it would have to contain

A

An ER targeting signal that directs it to the ER during translation

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8
Q

Requirements for protein import into an organelle

A

A specific sequence found in primary sequence, and a specific protein receptor on organelle of interest

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9
Q

Site of secretory protein synthesis

A

RER

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10
Q

Site of lipid and sterol synthesis

A

Smooth ER

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11
Q

What type of proteins would you expect to be sent to the ER

A

Soluble proteins for secretion, resident proteins of ER, membrane proteins inserted as they are synthesized

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12
Q

When is the signal for entry into the ER (before or after translation is complete)

A

Before protein is fully translated

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13
Q

Retention signal for ER proteins

A

KDEL

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14
Q

How do membrane bound and free ribosomes differ

A

Only difference is the proteins that they are making at a particular time

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15
Q

How do ribosomes become membrane bound

A

Ribosomes that are synthesizing proteins with signal sequences to be incorporated in ER membrane will be bound

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16
Q

Co translational modifications occurs

A

Occur while the protein is still being synthesized by the ribosome. Happens in rough ER and cytoplasm

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17
Q

Examples of proteins that undergo co translational modifications

A

Secrete proteins, membrane proteins, lysosomal enzymes

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18
Q

Post translational modifications

A

Occur after the protein has been fully synthesized and released from the ribosome

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19
Q

Examples of proteins that undergo post translational modifications

A

Cytoplasmic proteins, nuclear encoded proteins, mitochondrial proteins, chloroplast proteins

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20
Q

What two things direct ribosomes to er memebrane

A

ER signal sequence, signal recognition particle (srp)

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21
Q

Summary of co translation across er membrane

A

SRP will bind to exposed n terminal sequence and ribosome
Translation is paused
Protein translocation change assembles and inserts the polypeptide chain into membrane and starts to transfer across bilayer

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22
Q

Is the ER signal sequence hydrophobic or hydrophilic

A

Hydrophobic

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23
Q

Internal start transfer sequence characteristics

A

Initiates transfer of protein across er membrane
Is a membrane crossing domain
Not cleaved off

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24
Q

What cleaves n terminal signal sequence

A

Signal peptidase

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25
What side of the plasma membrane are carbohydrates attached to
Non cytosolic side
26
How does a sugar move into the ER lumen
Flippase enzyme
27
What is glycosylation
Covalent addition of carbohydrates/ sugar chains to proteins
28
Purpose of glycosylation
Protein folding, stability, trafficking, and function
29
What amino acid is the oligosaccharide transferred to
Asn / asparagine
30
Missfolded proteins in the er lumen trigger production of
Chaperones
31
Chaperone roles
Aid in the proper folding of proteins Prevent misfolded proteins from leaving er
32
Where do misfolded proteins go
Sent to Cytosol for degradation if not fixable
33
What tags missfolded proteins in Cytosol
Ubiquitin
34
4 stages of vesicle transport
Formation, transport, docking, fusion
35
Stages of vesicle formation
Budding, pinching off, coat is shed
36
The active form, GTP allows
Adaptors and coat proteins to bind
37
Types of coat proteins used in vesicle formation
Clathrin, COP1, COP11
38
What process are clathrin coated vesicles involved in
Endocytosis, traffic to lysosome, receptor recycling
39
Cargo moves from the ER to the golgi via what type of coated vesicles
COP11
40
COP1 coated vesicles travel in what direction
Golgi to er traffic
41
Is dynamin like proteins required for cop1 transport
No
42
Anterograde transport
ER to Golgi
43
44
Steps of vesicle docking
1. Vesicle buds and breaks off form donor compartment (er or Golgi) 2. Rab protein on vesicle enters gtp bound form 3. Active rab interacts with tethering factors on target membrane 4. Snare complex forms 5. Membrane fusion 6. Cargo delivered to target compartment
45
V shares are found on
Vesicle membrane
46
T snares are found on
Target membrane
47
Orientation of the membrane during docking and fusion
Remains the same (Cytosol face remains facing Cytosol)
48
49
Likely cargo In er to Golgi transport
Newly synthesized proteins
50
TGN to PM likely cargo
Secreted proteins and plasma membrane proteins
51
TGN to lysosome cargo
Lysosomal resident
52
The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened stacks called
Cisternae
53
What part of the Golgi apparatus does new vesicles from er arrive at
Cis Golgi network
54
Difference between plant and mammal Golgi
Plants have more mobile Golgi that plays a large role in cell wall biosynthesis
55
Glycosylation continues from the er to Golgi. What happens in the Golgi
The oligosacharide is trimmed and new sugars are added one by one by transferase enzymes
56
Golgi vesicular transport
Cargo proteins will be moved from one cisterna to the next by transport vesicles, while resident proteins stay in their respective cisterna.
57
Cisterna maturation model
Vesicles carrying cargo proteins fuse to form cis cisterna and move through Golgi remaining in same cisterna. As a new cis cisterna forms the old one becomes medial
58
Two pathways of secretion from Golgi
Constitutive, and regulated
59
Is a signal required for constitutive secretory pathway
No
60
Main things secreted by secretory pathway
Plasma membrane proteins Lipids ECM proteins
61
What secretory pathway is known as the default
Constitutive
62
What secretory pathway is synonymous with this statement “vesicles only are released when a specific signal is received”
Regulated
63
In the regulatory pathway ____ may be be used but are not required in _____ pathway
Coat proteins, constitutive pathway
64
Purpose of regulatory secretive pathway
Secretion of proteins rapidly on demand
65
Main thing the regulatory pathway secretes
Hormone, NT, enzymes, Immune factors
66
What step of secretion would be disrupted under a restrictive temp / high temp
Fusion of vesicles with the target organelle
67
Coat protein used in retrograde transport
COP 1
68
What does the lysosomal targeting signal require for the secretory pathway
Signal (mannose 6 phosphate) Receptor for mannose 6 phosphate
69
Summary of lysosomal secretion pathway
Addition of phosphate to mannose in cis Golgi, binding to m6p receptor, receptor dependent transport, removal of phosphate, dissociate from acidity in late endosome, receptor recycling
70
Why does acidic ph allow lysosomal proteins to dissociate from their cargo receptors
Change in ph reduces the receptors affinity for mp6 tag
71
Proteolytic cleavage
Produce smaller active proteins
72
Three types of endocytosis
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated
73
Examples of phagocytes
Macrophages, neutrophilis, dendritic cells
74
Another word for pinocytocis
Constitutive endocytosis
75
Pinocytosis definition
Continuous process where cells remove excess membrane that was added by exocytosis allowing recycling of PM. Non selective process
76
Receptor mediated endocytosis
Receptors collect specific extra cellular compounds using clathrin for vesicle formation
77
Common ligands targeted in RME
Cholesterol, iron, hormones
78
Why is change in acidity in the endomembrane system important
Dissociation of mp6 receptor and aggregation of proteins in TGN
79
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Bio 200 (5 decks)

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