Unit 5

Question 1

Plank

Answer 1

claimed energy is quantized

Question 2

energy is quantized

Answer 2

an electron in an atom is only allowed to have certain amounts of energy, or be at certain distances from the nucleus, not in between

Question 3

Heisenberg

Answer 3

developed the uncertainty principle

Question 4

uncertainty principle

Answer 4

says it is impossible to know both the exact location and motion/velocity of an electron at the same time

Question 5

Schrodinger

Answer 5

wrote a wave equation that when solved gave the likely location of the electrons in an atom ** not an exact answer but likely
*** the solution to his equation is a set of numbers known as quantum numbers

Question 6

Einstein

Answer 6

photoelectric effect - observed that when light of certain frequencies is shined on a metal, the metal ejects an electron

*never believed in quantum mechanics, he was wrong

Question 7

anions

Answer 7

nonmetals, negative charged, when electrons are added

Question 8

cations

Answer 8

metals, lose electrons, positive charge

Question 9

quantum number

Answer 9

energy level
set of solutions to equations that give most likely location of an electron in an atom
do not give exact answer

Question 10

Energy Level

Answer 10

aka Principle Quantum Number

*higher the quantum number, farther from nucleus it is

Question 11

Energy Sublevel

Answer 11

describing electrons location in more detail

Sublevel gives shape of region within the energy level where electron is likely to be found

Question 12

Sublevel(s) in energy level 1

Answer 12

s

Question 13

Sublevel(s) in energy level 2

Answer 13

s,p

Question 14

Sublevel(s) in energy level 3

Answer 14

s,p,d

Question 15

Sublevel(s) in energy level 4

Answer 15

s,p,d,f

Question 16

Orbitals

Answer 16

each sublevel has a specific direction or orientation
Each orbital can hold 2 electrons
Specific # of orbitals
Electrons spinning in opposite directions within orbitals

Question 17

orbitals in sublevel s

Answer 17

1 (2 electrons)

Question 18

orbitals in sublevel p

Answer 18

3 (6 electrons)

Question 19

orbitals in sublevel d

Answer 19

5 (10 electrons)

Question 20

orbitals in sublevel f

Answer 20

7 (14 electrons)

Question 21

S orbital shape

Answer 21

shaped like a sphere (each energy level has s orbital)

Question 22

P orbital shape

Answer 22

dumbell shape

Question 23

s and p orbitals have the only electrons…

Answer 23

used in bonding

Question 24

d orbital shape

Answer 24

clover shaped

Question 25

aufbau princple

Answer 25

electrons fill the lowest energy orbitals first

Question 26

pauli exclusion princple

Answer 26

each orbital can hold TWO electrons with OPPOSITE spins

Question 27

Hund’s Rule

Answer 27

within a sublevel, place one electron per orbital before having to pair them

Question 28

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Answer 28

range of energies that travel as transverse waves

Question 29

lowest energy in visible electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 29

red

Question 30

highest energy in visible electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 30

violet

Question 31

wavelength

Answer 31

distance between crests

Question 32

frequency

Answer 32

number of wave crests (peaks) that pass a point every second (unit 1/sec of Hertz)

Question 33

energy of a wave depends on…

Answer 33

frequency

Question 34

wavelength and frequency are _____ related to each other

Answer 34

inversely

one goes up , other goes down

Question 35

frequency and energy are ______ related to each other

Answer 35

directly

Question 36

wavelength and energy are _________ related to each other

Answer 36

inversely

Question 37

gamma rays

Answer 37

highest frequency, highest energy, shortest wavelength in electromagnetic spectrum

Question 38

Electrons prefer to be in the _______ possible energy levels and sublevels. This is called the ______ _____

Answer 38

lowest,

ground state

Question 39

Excited state

Answer 39

if energy is added then one or more electrons may get bumped up to a higher energy level

Question 40

if electrons are in excited state, they will…

Answer 40

feel unstable, and attempt to get back to ground state by releasing energy (emitting light)