Unit 5 & 6 & 7 Diseases

Question 1

What’s a communicable disease

Answer 1

A disease that can be spread

Question 2

How are communicable diseases spread

Answer 2

By pathogens

Question 3

What’s a pathogen

Answer 3

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 4

What’s a non communicable disease

Answer 4

A disease that cannot be spread

Question 5

Define health

Answer 5

The state of physical mental and social well-being

Question 6

How does e.g someone with HIV more likely to have turburculosis

Answer 6

Because they have a defective immune system

Question 8

What are the pathogens

Answer 8

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protists

Question 9

How do bacteria make us ill

Answer 9

They
Get into the hosts body
Reproduce rapidly
Release toxins

Question 10

How do toxins make us feel I’ll

Answer 10

They damage tissues

Question 11

How do viruses make us I’ll

Answer 11

They
Get invades host cell
Uses cell machinery to replicate
Viruses cause the cell to burst

Question 12

How are pathogens

Answer 12

Air
Water
Direct contact
Food unhygienic

Question 13

List the ways we can prevent the spread of pathogens

Answer 13

Wash hands
Clean drinking water
Wear masks
Isolate
Condoms
Vaccines

Question 14

What are the symptoms of measles

Answer 14

Fever
Red skin rash

Question 15

How is measles spread and caught

Answer 15

Air
Coughs and sneezes
Caught by inhaling droplets

Question 16

What are the symptoms of HIV

Answer 16

Flu like symptoms

Question 17

How is HIV spread

Answer 17

Sexual intercourse
Share infected needles

Question 18

Antibiotics ….

Answer 18

Kill bacterial cells only

Question 19

How is salmonella caught

Answer 19

By eating infected food

Question 20

How does salmonella cause abdominal pain

Answer 20

The bacteria secrete harmful toxin

Question 21

How is gonorrhoea spread

Answer 21

Sexually transmitted

Question 22

What are the symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 22

Yellow or green discharge
Pain when urinated

Question 23

Why would antibiotics not work during a long period of time

Answer 23

Because the antibiotic has become resistant

Question 24

What pathogen is malaria

Answer 24

Protist

Question 25

What are the symptoms of malaria

Answer 25

Fever

Question 26

Describe the cycle of malaria

Answer 26

- A mosquito bites an infected person - The mosquito bites a different person and spreads the pathogen

Question 27

How is malaria spread

Answer 27

Vector , mosquito

Question 28

How do we prevent the spread of malaria

Answer 28

- Stop the vector from breeding - Spray mosquito with insecticide - Mosquito nets

Question 29

What’s the job of the non specific defence system

Answer 29

To prevent pathogen from entering the body

Question 30

What are the non specific defence systems

Answer 30

Skin Nose hairs and mucus Ciliates cells Stomach acid

Question 31

How does is the skin a defence system

Answer 31

The dead skin on the epidermis makes it difficult for pathogens to enter The oily substance (sebum) kills bacteria

Question 32

How does the Jose prevent pathogens from entering the body

Answer 32

They trap the pathogens and are ejected when sneezing or blowing nose

Question 33

How do the lungs prevent pathogens from causing disease

Answer 33

They contain cilia hairs which waft mucus to the throat or the stomach

Question 34

How does the stomach kill bacteria

Answer 34

It contains HCl to kill bacteria

Question 35

What does the immune system do

Answer 35

- Destroys pathogens and their toxins - Protects us from the same pathogen harming in the future

Question 36

What are the two specific defence systems

Answer 36

Phagocytes Lymphocytes

Question 37

How do white blood cells destroy pathogens

Answer 37

Phagocytosis Antibodies Release antitoxins

Question 38

Describe phagocytosis

Answer 38

Where white blood cells (phagocytes) engulf and digest pathogens

Question 39

How do antibodies destroy pathogens

Answer 39

They are complimentary to the pathogen and therefore it triggers the pathogen to be destroyed

Question 40

What are antibodies

Answer 40

Y shaped Protein molecules

Question 41

Antibodies are ___________ to the pathogen

Answer 41

Specific

Question 42

How do the white blood cells protect us from the same disease in the future

Answer 42

Antibodies are specific to the pathogen and remain in the blood for a long time

Question 43

How do antitoxins help treat disease

Answer 43

They stick to the toxins and therefore prevent them from damaging the cell

Question 45

What are lymphocytes

Answer 45

White blood cells

Question 46

What is the first step of producing monoclonal antibodies

Answer 46

A mouse is injected with an antigen The rats lymphocytes will produce antibodies specific to that antigen

Question 47

What’s the second step to produce monoclonal antibody

Answer 47

We extract the lymphocytes and fuse them with a tumour cell This is called a hybridoma

Question 48

Why do we fuse a lymphocyte and a tumour cell when making monoclonal antibodies

Answer 48

Because the lymphocytes cannot divide by mitosis by itself

Question 49

What’s a hybridoma

Answer 49

The lymphocytes and the tumour cell fused together

Question 50

What’s the third step in producing monoclonal antibodies

Answer 50

We select a single hybridoma cell and let them divide by mitosis to produce IDENTICAL hybridoma cells

Question 51

What is a benefit of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 51

They are specific to a certain cell or chemical

Question 52

How are monoclonal antibody used in pregnancy tests

Question 53

What’s TMV and what pathogen causes it

Answer 53

Tobacco mosaic virus Caused by virus

Question 54

What pathogen causes rose black spots

Answer 54

Fungi

Question 55

What does TMV do to the plant

Answer 55

It discounters the leaf in a mosaic pattern This reduces the rate of photosynthesis Therefore growth is reduced

Question 56

What does rose black spot do to a plant

Answer 56

It causes the leaves to have black or purple spots then turn yellow and fall off The rate of photosynthesis is reduced so no growth

Question 57

How is rose black spot transmitted

Answer 57

By water or wind

Question 58

How do we treat rose black spots

Answer 58

Fungicides Remove infected leaves

Question 59

What’s a vaccine

Answer 59

A dead or weakened form of the pathogen

Question 60

How does a vaccine work

Answer 60

When the vaccine is injected the white blood cells are stimulated to produce antibodies

Question 61

How is a vaccine a long term prevention

Answer 61

The white blood cells can divide by mitosis and stay in the blood for a long time

Question 62

If the same pathogen were to enter the body after a vaccine what would happen

Answer 62

The white blood cells will produce antibodies specific to the antigen of the pathogen quickly

Question 63

Define herd immunity

Answer 63

When a large portion of the population is vaccinated so an unvaccinated person cannot be infected

Question 64

How does herd immunity work

Answer 64

The unvaccinated person can’t catch the disease because there’s no one that can pass the pathogen on

Question 65

What’s antibiotic resistance

Answer 65

When the antibiotics are no longer effective because the bacteria has evolved

Question 66

What do painkillers do

Answer 66

Relieve the symptoms by relieving pain

Question 67

Why can antibiotics not treat viruses

Answer 67

Because viruses get inside the cell so the drugs will kill body tissues

Question 68

What drug derives from fox gloves

Answer 68

Heart drug digitalis

Question 69

Where was aspirin derived from

Answer 69

Willow trees

Question 70

Where does penicillin come from

Answer 70

The penicillium mould

Question 71

What’s the first step in drug testing

Answer 71

Test the toxicity ( safe for humans)

Question 72

Whats