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Pathology > unit 5,6,7 test > Flashcards

unit 5,6,7 test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 ways urine is formed?

A

filtration, secretion, reabsorption

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2
Q

What are the 2 hormones that regulate urine volume?

A

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

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3
Q

What are the preferred methods of urine collection, that will allow for microbe evaluation?

A

catheterization and cystocentesis

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4
Q

What is the ideal time from that urine samples should be analyzed?

A

30 mins

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5
Q

What is the normal urine output for adult dogs and cats?

A

20-40 ml/kg/day

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6
Q

Which piece of lab equipment should be used to determine specific gravity?

A

refractometer

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7
Q

What range of urine specific gravity is considered isosthenuric?

A

1.008-1.012

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8
Q

How is the chemical constituents of urine tested?

A

place urine on a reagent strip

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9
Q

Which species normally contains a large amount of sediment in their urine?

A

Horses and rabbits

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10
Q

The CBC machine is used to determine if red or white blood cells are in the urine.

A

FALSE

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11
Q

Aldosterone does which of the following?

A

Reabsorb sodium and water and secrete potassium

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12
Q

Select all the things that will produce a positive result on the blood portion of a urine reagent strip:

A

-hemoglobin
-intact RBC
-myoglobin

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13
Q

Which is the normal urine output for a horse?

A

3 - 18 ml/kg/day

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14
Q

Which test yield’s important information on the patient’s fluid volume?

A

SG

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15
Q

An increase proteinuria can indicate which of the following?

A

Kidney disease

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16
Q

Which crystals can normally be found in the urine of horses and rabbits?

A

Calcium carbonate

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17
Q

Select all the functions of the kidney(5):

A

Filter blood
-regulate acid-base
-regulate blood pressure
-produce hormone
-regulate fluid volume

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18
Q

Which test yield’s important information on what the kidneys are secreting?

A

Chemistry strip

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19
Q

Select all the ways to collect urine that can be used for culture:

A

urinary catheter

cystocentesis

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20
Q

polyuria

A

increased volume of urine

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21
Q

pollakiuria

A

increase frequency of urination

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22
Q

olgiuria

A

decrease volume of urine

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23
Q

anuria

A

No urine

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24
Q

What is the main difference between serum and plasma?

A

plasma does not clot therefore still has fibrinogen

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25
Q

What principles do most chemistry analyzers in veterinary practice use?

A

photometry

26
Q

What organ produces most of the plasma proteins?

A

Liver

27
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown

28
Q

How do bile acids function?

A

aid fat absorption and modulate cholesterol levels

29
Q

What are the 2 primary serum chemistry tests used to determine kidney function?

A

BUN & creatinine

30
Q

What are the 2 commonly performed tests used to evaluate the exocrine pancreas?

A

amylase and lipase

31
Q

How much can glucose levels drop if left in contact with RBC at room temperature for 1 hour?

A

10%

32
Q

What chemical components in the body contribute to the acid-base balance?

A

buffers

33
Q

What are the major electrolytes in plasma?

A

sodium, potassium, chloride

34
Q

Which is a hepatic function test?

A

Bile acids

35
Q

Which test is elevated when skeletal muscle is damaged?

A

Creatine kinase

36
Q

An electrochemical analyzer evaluated which components?

A

electrolytes

37
Q

Which protein is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure of the plasma?

A

albumin

38
Q

Which indicate increased levels of hypoperfusion or hypoxia.

A

lactate

39
Q

Which animal excretes uric acid from their kidneys?

A

BIRDS

40
Q

Which liver enzyme is associated with cholestasis?

A

Gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)

41
Q

Blood chemistry measurements should be completed within what time frame?

A

1 hour

42
Q

Which electrolyte is needed to maintain neuromuscular excitability?

A

calcium

43
Q

Which is a buffer, used to maintain pH balance in the body?

A

bicarbonate

44
Q

Which word means an elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatine levels?

A

azotemia

45
Q

What is cytology?

A

the study of cells shed from the body

46
Q

What is the primary purpose of cytology?

A

differentiate inflammation from neoplasia

47
Q

What technique is used to collect cells from the center of a mass?

A

fine needle biopsy (aspirate)

48
Q

What is a hallmark cytological characteristic of neoplastic specimens?

A

homogeneous population of cells

49
Q

What is the term for fluids that have increased cellularity and protein concentration?

A

exudate

50
Q

What are reactive lymph nodes?

A

lymph nodes that are responding to antigenic stimulation

51
Q

What do ear swabs help diagnose?

A

otitis externa

52
Q

At what temperature should equipment be warned to when examining semen?

A

37 degrees celsius

53
Q

Which tumor type is characterized as large round cells that have a high yield on aspirate and cell clumping is common?

A

epithelial

54
Q

Which is the examination of blocks of tissue?

A

histopathology

55
Q

Which cells are normally present in a vaginal swab during estrus?

A

cornified squamous epithelial

56
Q

Which portion of ejaculate is examined for sperm morphology?

A

second

57
Q

You have a punch biopsy specimen that is being sent to the lab, but your vet wants to get a sample for in house cytology. Which collection method will work best?

A

Imprint

58
Q

Which describes fluid that has low to moderate Total Nucleated Cell Count, but high total protein concentration?

A

modified transudate

59
Q

Which method of transtracheal wash can be done with the animal awake?

A

percutaneous

60
Q

Sample with cells that display at least three abnormal nuclear configurations are considered

A

malignant neoplasia

Pathology (4 decks)

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