unit 5

Question 1

what is the function of the skeletal system

Answer 1

• support
• protection
• aid in movement
• storage of minerals (calcium) and energy (fat)
• hematopoiesis (formation of blood)

Question 2

ossification

Answer 2

formation of bone

Question 3

3 types of bone cells

Answer 3

• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts

Question 4

osteocytes

Answer 4

mature bone cells

Question 5

periosteum

Answer 5

connective tissue that surrounds bone (except joint surfaces)

Question 6

diaphysis

Answer 6

shaft of bone (compact)

Question 7

epiphysis

Answer 7

ends of bone (mostly spongy)

Question 8

medullary cavity

Answer 8

longitudinal central cavity in diaphysis

Question 9

red marrow

Answer 9

found in epiphyses where hematopoiesis is happening

Question 10

yellow marrow

Answer 10

fat storage fills medullary cavities

Question 11

articulate cartilage (hyaline)

Answer 11

covers joint surfaces at epiphysis

Question 12

endosteum

Answer 12

thin connective tissue membrane that lines the walls of medullary cavity

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

densely packed osteocytes, produces strength

Question 14

spongy bone

Answer 14

decreases weight, location of red marrow

Question 15

foramen

Answer 15

opening/ hole in bone for nerves, blood vessels to pass through

Question 16

meatus

Answer 16

small tube-like passageway within a bone

Question 17

sinus

Answer 17

space within a bone lined with mucus membrane (sinuses)

Question 18

fossa

Answer 18

depression or groove in or on a bone

Question 19

process

Answer 19

any projection on bone (sticks out)

Question 20

condyle

Answer 20

rounded articulate process (knuckle-like)

Question 21

tuberosity

Answer 21

elevated area of bone usually roughened for attachment of muscles

Question 22

tubercle

Answer 22

small rounded process not articular

Question 23

trochanter

Answer 23

large blunt process (only on femur)

Question 24

sutures

Answer 24

joints between skull bones

Question 25

fontanels

Answer 25

soft, membrane spots of baby’s skull that allows brain to grow

Question 26

axial skeleton

Answer 26

8bones that lie along axis of body. (skull, hyoid, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Question 27

appendicular skeleton

Answer 27

126 bones of shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, extremities

Question 28

fibrous structures

Answer 28

bound with fibers

Question 29

cartilaginous structures

Answer 29

have cartilage disks

Question 30

synovial structures

Answer 30

joint capsule l, outer part is fibrous, inner part is synovial membrane >> synovial fluid (freely movable)

Question 31

synarthrosis

Answer 31

don’t move much

Question 32

amphiarthrosis

Answer 32

move a little

Question 33

diarthrosis

Answer 33

freely movable

Question 34

types of synovial joints

Answer 34

* gliding or planar * hinge * pivot * condyloid or ellipsoidal * saddle * ball and socket

Question 35

tendons

Answer 35

connect muscle to bone

Question 36

ligaments

Answer 36

connect bone to bone

Question 37

osteoarthritis

Answer 37

degenerative joint decrease associated with aging

Question 38

osteoporosis

Answer 38

decrease bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures

Question 39

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 39

inflamed, swollen a, painful joints

Question 40

sprain

Answer 40

stretching or tearing a ligament

Question 41

strain

Answer 41

stretching or tearing a muscle or tendon