Unit 5

Question 1

What is behind the definition of a conflict?

Answer 1

When members of a group suffer differences and have the idea that the other person is an obstacle for one to get what he or she wants

Question 2

Are conflicts always negative?

Answer 2

No. it depends on our perception of the conflict and the way we manage it

Question 3

Can we avoid conflicts?

Answer 3

No. It is an inevitable part of our life

Question 4

What are the positive outcomes of conflicts?

Answer 4

It can help societies evolve. Ex: a women’s march was needed for women to get a right to vote

Question 5

4 types of conflict

Answer 5

1. Internal:
2. Interpersonal:
3. Internal group conflicts
4. Group conflicts

Question 6

Conflict within the person’s mind

Answer 6

Internal conflict

Question 7

a conflict between two or more individuals

Answer 7

Interpersonal

Question 8

Conflicts between people from the same group

Answer 8

Internal group conflict

Question 9

Conflicts between different groups

Answer 9

Group conflicts

Question 10

Categorization is

Answer 10

We put cultures within boxes in order to make our meeting with reality easier

Question 11

What are the problematic outcomes of categorization?

Answer 11

stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination

Question 12

What are stereotypes?

Answer 12

A mental generalization of a group of people. consists of incomplete and exaggerated thoughts about these people. These are general and passed through time

Question 13

Can stereotypes be positive?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What is prejudice?

Answer 14

A previous judgment about a person.

Question 15

A prejudice includes…

Answer 15

and idea and an attitude. It includes your idea about someone and the way you act out this idea towards the person. For example, being afraid of a person

Question 16

prejudice is based on

Answer 16

stereotypes

Question 17

Discrimination is based on

Answer 17

prejudice and stereotypes

Question 18

Discrimination is

Answer 18

prejudice in action. It is putting your attitude into action. It is the unfair treatment of people due to their belonging to a specific group. It is both illegal and immoral.

Question 19

Is race purely biological?

Answer 19

no. It refers to biological aspects, but it is socially constructed. It is imagined

Question 20

What was the judgment of the 1964 UNESCO report by leading scientists and anthropologists on the issue of race?

Answer 20

There is only one race: the human species. It cannot be classified into categories

Question 21

What is another word for race?

Answer 21

ethnic group

Question 22

what is an ethnic group?

Answer 22

A group of people held together by both biological aspects and culture or religion

Question 23

What is racism?

Answer 23

a theory, ideology that says that some biological aspects make some people superior to others

Question 24

What are racial microaggressions?

Answer 24

acts that don’t appear to be bad, but that are racially motivated. Ex asking where people are really from

Question 25

What is xenophobia?

Answer 25

the fear or hatred of strangers. It is a mixture of attitude, prejudice, and behavior on the perception of him or her being an outsider

Question 26

6 causes of stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

Answer 26

1. personal experience 2. Social learning and socialization 3. the influence of mass media 4. Illusory correlation 5. conflict theory 6. Social categorization: the division of groups

Question 27

what is an illusory correlation?

Answer 27

your stereotypes form the way you interpret a relationship. Ex: believing that a mother with darker skin is the nanny of their whiter children

Question 28

what is the conflict theory?

Answer 28

a direct competition due to scarcity of resources. In a crisis, immigrants are often blamed

Question 29

Possible impacts of stereotypes/prejudice/discrimination

Answer 29

- Distortion of perceptions: incomplete and false judgments that can influence our environment - Selective and biased information. Only looking towards the sources that proves our understanding of ourselves in comparison with other groups - Self-fulfilling prophesies - Sadness, stress, frustration, feeling invisible, an obligation to act based on peoples prejudices - Misunderstanding based on confusion. Lead to conflict, racism exclusion and segregation.

Question 30

Some causes of conflicts

Answer 30

- Misunderstandings due to lack of or no communication. - Misconceptions or prejudices about each other - Old and unresolved tensions - Uneven distribution of power that excludes certain groups - Different perceptions of values, beliefs, emotions, facts, and methods - Having different personalities, goals, and interests - Scarcity of resources or unfair distribution of needs

Question 31

The implicit or explicit emotional struggle or frustration between people of different cultures over perceived incompatible values, norms, face orientations, goals, scarce resources, processes and/or outcomes in a communication situation

Answer 31

definition of a cultural conflict

Question 32

Why are there cultural conflicts?

Answer 32

- Complex conflicts that involve historical, economic, political aspects - Different cultural and social groups that don't know each other are living in the same society - Different status and roles assumed depending on the different cultures - Different value systems - Different rules when living together - Different cultural dimensions

Question 33

How to reduce possible barriers in communication

Answer 33

- be open and curious about other cultures. do research - Ask when not understanding - Be aware of the importance of mutual understanding - Don't generalize communication styles - Be conscious of body language - Avoid ambiguity: make your ideas clear - Avoid slang and use simple and frequently used words

Question 34

Personal skills to prevent and solve conflicts

Answer 34

- Be aware of your own prejudices and stereotypes. Don't generalize - Be thoughtful of the way you use language - Be empathic - Be curious. try to understand the other culture - pose questions instead of making statements - Coherence between verbal and non-verbal communication - Be flexible and adaptive to different situations - Observe, interpret, evaluate - Active listening - Be calm, patient, polite, respectful, and open-minded - Rephrase/reformulate to understand the person better - Find common ground - Be creative and try to find alternative solutions to problems