Unit 5: Agriculture & Rural Land Use (Patterns & Processes) Flashcards

1
Q

Agribusiness

A

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

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2
Q

Agriculture

A

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

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3
Q

Cereal Grain

A

A grass yielding grain for food.

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4
Q

Chaff

A

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.

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5
Q

Combine

A

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field.

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6
Q

Commercial Agriculture

A

Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.

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7
Q

Crop

A

Grain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.

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8
Q

Crop Rotation

A

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.

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9
Q

Desertification

A

Degradation (degrading) of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

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10
Q

Double Cropping

A

Harvesting twice a year from the same field.

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11
Q

Grain

A

Seed of cereal grass.

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12
Q

Green Revolution

A

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.

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13
Q

Horticulture

A

the growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.

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14
Q

Hull

A

The outer covering of a seed.

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15
Q

Intensive Subsistence Agriculture

A

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must spend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

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16
Q

Milkshed

A

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.

17
Q

Paddy

A

Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.

18
Q

Pastoral Nomadism

A

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

19
Q

Pasture

A

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.

20
Q

Plantation

A

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.

21
Q

Prime Agricultural Land

A

The most productive farmland.

22
Q

Ranching

A

A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.

23
Q

Reaper

A

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in the field.

24
Q

Ridge Tillage

A

System of planting crops on ridge tops in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.

25
Q

Sawah

A

A flooded field for growing rice.

26
Q

Shifting Cultivation

A

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

27
Q

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

A

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

28
Q

Spring Wheat

A

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.

29
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.

30
Q

Sustainable Agriculture

A

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil-restoring crops with cash crops and reducing inputs of fertilizer and pesticides.

31
Q

Swidden

A

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

32
Q

Thresh

A

To beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.

33
Q

Transhumance

A

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.

34
Q

Truck Farming

A

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities.

35
Q

Wet Rice

A

Rice planted on dryland in a nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.

36
Q

Winnow

A

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.

37
Q

Winter Wheat

A

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer.