Unit 5: America in the World from 1898-1945

Question 1

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 1

Socialist, one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World, opposed WWI

Question 2

Neutrality

Answer 2

President Wilson pledges neutrality and equal trade amongst powers, America began providing supplies to British and French

Question 3

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Answer 3

Germany commenced unrestricted submarine warfare after British blockade, convinced by Amercica to stop striking without warning from 1915-1917 after sinking of the Lusitania

Question 4

Hawaii

Answer 4

• Pearl Harbor naval base (1887)
  *Local population weakened by disease, repopulated with Japanese and Chinese immigrants
  *Coup d’état of Queen Lilikiuokalani by American planters
  *Citizenships granted to Hawaiians in 1898 for fear of Japanese annexation, territory status in 1900 and statehood in 1959

Question 5

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 5

• 1. No secret treaties
     
     2. Freedom of seas
     3. Tariffs should be lowered amongst other nations
     4. Arms should be reduced during diplomatic crises
     5. Colonial policies should also consider interests of colonial people
        Rest: boundary changes (self-determination)
     6. League of Nations
• Rejected by the Alllies

Question 6

Scopes Trial

Answer 6

Scopes was accused of teaching his students about the theory of evolution, represented by the American Civil Liberties Union

Question 7

Rise of the Ku Klux Clan

Answer 7

*Anti-foreign, anti-black, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, anti-pacifist, anti-bootlegger, anti-Communist
*Pro Anglo-Saxon
*Resemble nativist movement of the 1800s

Question 8

Prohibition

Answer 8

*18th Amendment
- South, restricted alcohol from African-Americans
- West, violent and immoral saloon culture
*Lack of enforcement
-Bootlegging
-Jazz age culture
-Speakeasies: illegal alcohol bars
-Hard liquor-cocktails
-Bathtub gin
-Homebrew
-Gangsterism

Question 9

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 9

*Jazz
-Louis Armstrong
*Poetry
-Langston Hughes
-Nella Larsen-“Passing”

Question 10

Zora Neal Hurston

Answer 10

*Proud of being Black

Question 11

Anti-lynching legislation

Answer 11

Lynching became a federal hate crime

Question 12

Ida B. Wells

Answer 12

*Journalist
*Campaigner for women’s suffrage
*Believed lynching of African Americans to prevent competition, and exposed it’s brutality

Question 13

Roaring Twenties

Answer 13

*Black Cultural Pride
*New KKK
*Emergency Quota Act of 1921 targeted Asian immigrants and Immigration Act of 1924 set quota to 2% and focused on Japanese immigration
*Prohibition
*Science (modern vs. tradition) -Scopes trial
*Mass Consumption
-Cars: Henry Ford and Ransom E. Olds, Ford assembly line
-Scientific Management: efficiency in mass production

Question 14

Red Scare

Answer 14

*Bolshevik Revolution triggers Communist party in the US (workers and immigrants)
*Palmer Raids- hundreds of alleged alien radicals deported to the U.S.S.R.
* Criminal Syndicalism Laws- advocacy of violence to secure social change
*American Plan- businesses use Red Scare to suppress labor unions for fear of communism
*Nicola and Vanzetti- Italian proscuted and executed as anarchists, atheists and draft dodgers

Question 15

Spanish American War and Cuba

Answer 15

*1989 war
*Stories of Cuban concentration camps
*Platt Amendment- No treaties which compromise Cuban independence, worried about European independence
*No debt beyond Cuban wealth
*US military intervention
*Sales or lease naval stations

Question 16

Yellow Journalism

Answer 16

Senzationalizing facts, especially in newspapers

Question 17

White Man’s Burden

Answer 17

Selfless moral duty of white men to conquer other nations, excuse for invasions

Question 18

Social Darwinism

Answer 18

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, allowed for the idea of “survival of the fittest” in business. The poor lived in poverty as they were lazy or inferior

Question 19

Providence

Answer 19

God’s plan, or their destiny

Question 20

The Philippines

Answer 20

*20$ million purchase after the Spanish-American war
*Filipino resistance led to concentration camps with torture, “Policy of Attraction”, and divide and conquer tactic with wealthy Filipinos placed in the government
*Filipino freedom after WWI

Question 21

Guam and Puerto Rico

Answer 21

*Territories from war
*Puerto Rico gained citizenship in 1917 (no full self-rule)

Question 22

Panama Canal

Answer 22

*Trade passage through central America
*Deal with Britain for control of the canal

Question 23

Roosevelt Corollary of the Monroe Doctrine and the Big Stick Policy

Answer 23

*Corollary divided world into Americas vs. Europe
*“Protected” countries such as Venezuela and Dominican Republic
*Preventitive intervention
-Absorb chronic debts to Europe
-Justification for invasion
*“Speak softly, and carry a big stick”- Diplomacy first, force second

Question 24

Causes of WWI

Answer 24

Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliance systems

Question 25

Homefront Mobilization during WWI

Answer 25

*Committee on Public Information (Propaganda- anti-German) *War Industries Board- federal government takes central role in economic planning *National War Labor Board- shortens work days and raises salaries, striking rights stopped *"Victory Gardening" *Food administration- alcohol restriction on civilians accelerates prohibition, rationing *Conscription Law

Question 26

Jeannette Rankin

Answer 26

*National Women's Party *First woman elected to House of Representatives (1 term in 1916, and in 1940) *Voted against both World Wars *Helped with the formation of the 19th Amendment, granting women the right to vote

Question 27

Schenck vs. United States

Answer 27

*Socialist who made leaflets urging public to resist drafts *Convicted under violation of Espionage At *Court ruled that free speech could be limited under "clear and present danger"

Question 28

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 28

*Czechoslovakia's freedom *Germany's recognition of independence of former Russian empire and recognition of all Allied agreements *Independence from Austria for territory in Italy *Alsace-Lorraine returned to France *League of Nations *War guilt clause for Germany *Saar Basin-reparations to France *Disarmament for Germany

Question 29

WWI Propaganda

Answer 29

*Transfer *Bandwagon *Plainfolk *Glittering Generalities *Testimonials *Name-calling *Loaded Words

Question 30

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Answer 30

*Introduced both New Deals that helped end the Great Depression

Question 31

Townsend Plan

Answer 31

The government should pay a pension of $200 a month to every citizen aged 60 and over to alleviate the Great Depression. These pensions would be financed by a 2% national sales tax (a "transaction tax").

Question 32

Stock Market Crash

Answer 32

*0ctober 29, 1929 *Caused by overproduction, overspeculation, high interest rates etc *Millions of people lost their life savings *Catalyst to the Great Depression

Question 33

Overspeculation

Answer 33

When stocks are worth more than the actual value of the company. One of the main reasons for the Stock Market Crash of 1929.

Question 34

New Deal

Answer 34

*Plan made by FDR to help alleviate the Great Depression *Focused on the Three Rs -Relief: implement new regulations and programs into financial system (FDIC) -Relief (short-term): immediate economic help -Recovery (long-term): creating jobs and spending federal funds to restore the economy 1. Fix the Banks: Emergency Banking Act- Banks can't reopen till declared financially secure by the gov't Glass Steagall Act-tighter gov't control over banks Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- Government will ensure deposits up to 2,500$ 2. End the Gold Standard: devalues the dollar to encourage exports and demand for US products

Question 35

National Recovery Administration

Answer 35

*1933 *Administration that formed fair codes of practice in the industry to set prices, and establish minimum wages and maximum hours, and guarantee right of labor to bargain collectively

Question 36

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 36

Program to provide electricity, manage and build dams, and create jobs, 1933

Question 37

Social Security Act

Answer 37

*Old age insurance for 65 and above, and their spouses *Unemployment Compensation *Aid to people with disabilities and families with disabled children

Question 38

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 38

Intercepted telegram from German foreign minister to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the US

Question 39

Motion Pictures

Answer 39

*Silent films *Helped introduce ideas of "celebrities"

Question 40

Neutrality Acts of August 31, 1935

Answer 40

*Isolationism *Restricted to nations at war *No transport of arms on American vessels, no travel for Americans on belligerent vessels *Amendments- -1936: no loans to belligerent nations -1937: "cash and carry" for non-military materials *Loophole- allowed the President to decie when nations are at war

Question 41

Rise of Fascism

Answer 41

*Mussolini and Fascist party, 1922 *Life= duty, struggle and conquest *State= superior to individual *Humans= inherently equal

Question 42

America First Movement

Answer 42

Pressure group to keep the US out of the war *Charles Lindbergh, famous speech in New York, blamed victims

Question 43

Island Hopping

Answer 43

US Strategy in the Pacific Ocean during WWII

Question 44

Japanese Internment Camps

Answer 44

*Executive order no: 9066 *10,000 Japanese Americans along the Pacific Coast forced into "restricted military areas" (internment camps) *Korematsu vs. US

Question 45

Great Migration

Answer 45

Approximately six million African Americans moved from the South to the North from 1910 to 1970

Question 46

D-Day

Answer 46

Marked the beginning of the Battle of Normandy, when the Allied troops landed on the coast of Normandy

Question 47

Lend-lease Program

Answer 47

Allowed the US to supply weapons to friendly countries without directly intervening in the conflict, violating the Neutrality Acts

Question 48

Atomic Bombs

Answer 48

*Hiroshima (August 6, 1945) *Nagasaki (August 9, 1945) *150,000- 250,000 deaths (from radiation sickness as well)

Question 49

Keynesian Economics

Answer 49

Government intervention and deficit spending, introduced by John Maynard Keynes, advisor to FDR for the New Deal

Question 50

Yalta Conference

Answer 50

*February, 1945, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin -Disarmament of Germany -Four zones of occupation (US, UK, U.S.S.R., France) -Veto Power for Big 5 -Soviet given 3 seats in the UN -General assembly in exchange for entering war against Japan 2-3 months after German surrender -Eastern Polish borders set ti a Soviet advantage -U.S.S.R. pledged to hold free elections in Eastern Europe *War crimes trial in Nuremberg

Question 51

Yalta Conference

Answer 51

*August, 1945, (after FDR's death), Truman, Stalin and Churchill -Unconditional surrender of Japan -no elections in Eastern Europe -Transfer of German people out of Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland -Machinery to negotiate peace treaties

Question 52

To what degree did the Spanish-American War contribute to US imperialism?

Question 53

Describe the conflict of tradition vs. change during the 1920s.

Question 54

How did government policies and consumer practices contribute to the Great Depression?

Question 55

Describe the effects of the Great Depression

Question 56

Describe how the mass mobilization of American society supplied troops for the war effort and a workforce on the home front ended the Great Depression and provided opportunities for women and minorities to improve their socioeconomic positions.

Question 57

How did the United States and its allies achieve victory over the Axis powers through various factors, including allied political and military cooperation, industrial production, technological and scientific advances, and popular commitment to advancing democratic ideals?

Question 58

Describe the opposition to taking military action against the aggression of Nazi Germany and Japan, until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor drew the United States into World War II.