Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
(55 cards)
1
Q
Midline:
A
divides into left and right
2
Q
Posterior:
A
Back of body
3
Q
Anterior:
A
Front of body
4
Q
Superior:
A
Uppermost part of core body
5
Q
Inferior:
A
Lowermost part of core body
6
Q
Proximal:
A
Uppermost part of Limbs
7
Q
DIstal:
A
Lowermost part of Limbs
8
Q
Medial:
A
Towards the midline
9
Q
Lateral:
A
Away from the midline
10
Q
Superficial:
A
Towards the surface of body
11
Q
Deep:
A
Within the inside of body
12
Q
Plane and Axis of Spin
A
Longitudinal Axis and Trasverse Plane
13
Q
Plane and Axis of Front Flip
A
Saggittal Plane and horizontal Axis
14
Q
Plane and Axis of Cartwheel
A
Frontal Plane and Anterior-Posterior Axis
15
Q
Flexion:
A
Joint is becoming more acute
16
Q
Extension:
A
Joint is becoming more obtuse
17
Q
Abduction:
A
Moves away from body (Laterally)
18
Q
Adduction:
A
Moves towards body (Medial)
19
Q
Plantar Flexion:
A
Toes are pushing down (Angle obtuse with ankle)
20
Q
Dorsiflexion:
A
Toes are raised up (Angle acute with ankle)
21
Q
Supination:
A
Rotating of your palm so your hand is facing forward (Ulna and radius are parallel)
22
Q
Pronation:
A
Rotating of your palm so your hand is facing backwards (Ulna and radius are crossed)
23
Q
Inversion:
A
Outer edge of your ankle joint
24
Q
Eversion:
A
Inner edge of your ankle joint
25
Internal Rotation:
Turning body inward from midline
26
External Rotation:
Turning body outward from midline
27
Elevation:
Movement in upward direction
28
Opposition:
Thumb closing with finger
29
Depression:
Movement in downward direction
30
Circumduction:
Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction (Softball pitcher doing a windmill motion)
31
Reposition:
Thumb back to anatomical position
32
Protraction:
Body part going forward
33
Retraction:
Body part going back
34
5 Main Functions of Skeletal System
Structural support: Bracing, rigidity and structure
Protection: For organs
Growth center for cells: Create red blood cells and platelets
Reservoir of minerals: Reservoir to regulate the level of calcium and phosphorus in body
Movement: Muscles attach to bones by tendons and ligaments. Muscles contract and move bones to facilitate movement
35
5 Types of Bones with function and examples
Long bones: Movement (12 in body; ex. ulna, radius, humorous, femur, tibia, fibula)
Flat bone: Protection (ex. bones of the skull)
Irregular bone: Movement, multifunctionality and protection (ex. vertebrae protects the nervous system and spinal cord)
Sesamoid bone: Structure and movement; connecting tendon to bone (ex. patella)
Short bone: Dexterity and fine motor skills (ex. carpal or wrist bone)
36
Axial Skeleton
Core - Protect, stabilize
80 bones
37
Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs - Movement
206 bones
38
Landmarks
Ridge, bump or grove on the bone as an identifying marker
Ex. Scapula - glenohumeral cavity
39
Anatomy of Longbone (12 parts)
Cartilage: smooth movement and cushioning
Epiphyseal plate: growth plate and growth capacity
Epiphysis: ends of long bones
Diaphysis: Middle of long bones
Spongy bone: Strengthening and storage for nutrients
Bone marrow: Blood is created (Platelets and white blood cells)
Periosteum: (Muscle to tendon to periosteum)
Compact: Hard Part of bone
Cortex: Outer part
Cartilage: Soft cushion and movement
Tuberosity: Ridge/bump that is used for attachment of tendons
Epicondyle: Sides that stick out
40
3 Types of Bone Fractures:
Compound, Comminuted and Simple
41
What is osteoperosis?
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to increased risk of fracture
42
How to prevent/treat osteoperosis
Bone Density
Scans
Weight Bearing Exercises
Balanced Diet in Calcium and Vitamin D
Healthy Lifestyle (No Smoking, Drinking, etc)
43
3 Types of Joints with examples and definition
Fibrous: Immovable; protection (ex. Joint of skull)
Cartilaginous: Slight movement; protection (ex. Spine and nose)
Synovial (Fluid; allows for smooth movement): Movable; Appendicular (ex. Shoulder ball and socket joining)
44
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Periosteum function
Links the muscle to the tendon to the bone
45
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Joint Cavity function
Filled with synovial fluid, lubrication in the joint
46
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Joint Capsule function
Membrane that holds everything together
47
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Tendon function
Attach muscle to bone
48
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Blood Vessels function
Nerves; veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
49
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Ligaments function
Connect bone to bone
50
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Articular Cartilage function
Cushioning/ Smooth movement
51
Anatomy of Synovial Joints - Bursae
Friction Points
52
6 Types of Synovial Joints with examples and definition
Ball and Socket: (ex. Hip and Shoulder)
Gliding: (ex. Tarsals and Carpals)
Hinge: Operates like a door, two directions (ex. Jaw)
Pivot: Twists (ex. Neck)
Sattle: Joint movement in two planes (ex. Thumb)
Elipsoid: Joint movement in two planes (ex. Wrist)
53
Dislocation
a bone is displaced from its joint
54
separation
A separation is more serious than a dislocation. In a shoulder separation, the ligaments attaching the collarbone (clavicle) and shoulder blade (scapula) are disrupted.
55
sprain
an injury to the ligaments around a joint
