unit 5 bio Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are multicellular organisms made up of?
Trillions of cells.
Do all cells in a multicellular organism have the same genome?
Yes, all cells share an identical genome containing the full set of genetic instructions.
When does DNA replication occur in the cell cycle?
During the S phase.
What does DNA replication ensure for each cell?
That every cell, regardless of its structure and shape, has the same DNA.
How many cell types are there in a multicellular organism?
Hundreds of different cell types.
What do all cells in a multicellular organism originate from?
A single cell that starts the development process.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is the process where a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) join to form a zygote.
What two gametes are involved in fertilization?
The male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg).
What is the first somatic cell formed during fertilization?
The zygote.
What process allows the zygote to divide and form a blastocyst?
Mitosis and cytokinesis.
What does the blastocyst develop into?
The embryo.
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are unspecialized cells with the potential to develop into many different types of cells in the body.
Where do cells in the embryo start as?
They start as stem cells.
What process allows stem cells to become specialized cells?
Differentiation.
What is the main purpose of cell differentiation?
To specialize cells for specific functions
Which of the following is NOT a type of cell stem cells can differentiate into?
Muscle cells (directly)
What are examples of cells formed through differentiation?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, germ, and endoderm cells
What happens during cell specialization?
Specialized cells develop into more specific functioning cells
What does a cell’s shape determine?
Its function
