unit 5 biology

Question 1

what is a septum

Answer 1

Dividing wall between left and right side in the heart

Question 2

What is a myogenic muscle?

Answer 2

Muscles that contract due to signal from heart and not brain

Question 3

What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Answer 3

Tricuspid valve

Question 4

What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

Answer 4

Bicuspid valve

Question 5

What valve is in between the aortic valve and pulmonic valve?

Answer 5

Semilunar valve

Question 6

What is the function of the SAN?

Answer 6

Produces impulses which makes the heartbeat between 60 and 100 bpm

Question 7

How does signals travel in the heart?

Answer 7

Atria muscles contract the signal reaches the it atriventricular node signal splits and travels down the bundle of his towards the ventricle muscles. Perkinje fibres carry the signals to the muscle.

Question 8

How do you calculate the cardiac output?

Answer 8

Volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per minute = beats per minute x volume pumped per beat

Question 9

What is the arteries function and characteristics?

Answer 9

Carries blood from the heart to the body
has high-pressure
lots of oxygen
bright red
protect the inside of the body

Question 10

What is the function of veins and what are its characteristics?

Answer 10

Carries blood from the body to the heart
has low pressure less oxygen,
dark red
closer to the surface
has valves to prevent back flow

Question 11

What is tachycardia

Answer 11

When the heart beats too fast

Question 12

What is bacdycardia

Answer 12

When the heartbeat too slow

Question 13

What is sinus arrhythmia?

Answer 13

Heart rate increases when you breathe in and heart rate decreases when you breathe out

Question 14

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 14

Signals going to the ventricles are rapid and chaotic and the muscles of the ventricles quiver instead of beating in a coordinated way

Question 15

What is flat line?

Answer 15

When there is no heartbeat

Question 16

What are the four main blood groups?

Answer 16

A B AB O

Question 17

What is the universal donor?

Answer 17

O- blood

Question 18

What happens if there is a reduced blood flow?

Answer 18

Angina ,chest pain and heart attacks if arteries become blocked

Question 19

What are risk factors that can cause cardiovascular disease?

Answer 19

Genetics
age
diet
gender
smoking
high blood pressure
inactivity

Question 20

What is the practical for the effect of caffeine on heart rate?

Answer 20

Put water flea on the microscope slide remove any water that’s on it
add a few drops of distilled water which contains a certain amount of caffeine observed with microscope and focus on heart
count number in 30 seconds
repeat every two minutes
repeat with different concentrations of caffeine

Question 21

What is caffeine also known as?

Answer 21

A stimulant

Question 22

What are the three treatment options for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 22

Antihypertensive
statins
heart transplantation

Question 23

What are antihypertensives and what are the disadvantages?

Answer 23

Drugs that can treat high blood pressure, e.g. diuretics which can cause an increased risk of diabetes

Question 24

What is statins function and what are the disadvantages?

Answer 24

Help lower LDL in blood can cause muscle damage

Question 25

What is a heart transplantation and what are the disadvantages and advantages?

Answer 25

When a heart is given from a donor advantages: increased life expectancy, disadvantages :expensive ,risky ,shortage of healthy doners

Question 26

What are lungs protected by and what are the muscles doing?

Answer 26

Muscles are protected by the rib cage and the intercostal muscles between them help with breathing

Question 27

What is the function of the pleural membrane?

Answer 27

Separates lungs from membrane

Question 28

What are the two types of membrane in the lungs?

Answer 28

Partial pleura (outer) , visceral pleura (inner)

Question 29

What do plural cavity contain?

Answer 29

Small amount of fluid which allow easy movement and inflation

Question 30

How does gas exchange work in the lungs?

Answer 30

Oxygen diffuses into bloodstream carried by red blood cells carbon dioxide dissolved in blood diffusers into the alveoli

Question 31

What is tidal volume?

Answer 31

Breathing in and out normally

Question 32

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 32

Extra air you breathe in

Question 33

What is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 33

Extra air, you breathe out

Question 34

Residual volume

Answer 34

Volume that remains when you breathe out

Question 35

What is vital capacity?

Answer 35

The difference between maximum volume and minimum volume

Question 36

What is peak expiatory flow?

Answer 36

Volume of air expelled in one quick exhalation

Question 37

What is forced vital capacity?

Answer 37

Maximum amount of air you can possibly exhale from the lungs

Question 38

What are the two functions of the kidney?

Answer 38

Excretion and Osmoregulation

Question 39

What what is excretion?

Answer 39

The removal of waste and toxins in the bloodstream which is transported to the bladder as urine

Question 40

What is Osmoregulation?

Answer 40

Control amount of water and bloodstream

Question 41

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

Answer 41

Control amount of water in the kidneys removed from the blood

Question 42

What do nephrons contain and what do they do?

Answer 42

Glamerelus -filtered blood, small molecules passed through the thin walls tubes- allow substance to be absorbed which are needed

Question 43

What is a plasma membrane and what it’s function

Answer 43

Plasma membrane is is a lipid bilayer which is semi permeable controls what goes in and out of cells

Question 44

What is the function of cholesterol molecules in the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 44

Make layer less fluid and more rigid make layers less permeable separate phospholipid so they don’t crystallise

Question 45

What are the two type types of cell transport?

Answer 45

Passive and active

Question 46

What is passive transport and give an example?

Answer 46

Passive transport is simple diffusion that does not require energy e.g. osmosis and facilitated diffusion

Question 47

What is active transport

Answer 47

the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

Question 48

What is exocytosis?

Answer 48

Substances taken out of cell

Question 49

What is endocytosis?

Answer 49

Substances brought into the cell

Question 50

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 50

flexible elastic layer embedded with proteins on the surface of integral layer