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BIOCHEM > UNIT 5 -CARBS > Flashcards

UNIT 5 -CARBS Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

how do you get energetic source from starch (plants) and glycogen (animals)?

A

OXIDATION

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2
Q

what are the structural roles of carbs? 4

A
  1. in CT as lubricant for synovial fluid
  2. in nucleic acids
  3. protective in cell wall bacteria
  4. recognition + signalling
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3
Q

what is the simplest aldehyde?

A

glyceraldehyde

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4
Q

what characteristics of monosaccharides 5?

A
  1. colourless
  2. sweet tasting
  3. reducing ( gives out H+)
  4. isomeric forms
  5. soluble in water
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5
Q

which carb doesn’t have 1 or more chiral carbons?

A

dihydroxyacetone

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6
Q

what’s the formula for chiral carbons?

A

2n

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7
Q

name for mirror and non stereoisomers?

A

enantimors (cis + Z) + diastemers (trans + E)

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8
Q

what do optical isomers do?

A

direct polar light

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9
Q

2 projection types?

A
  1. fischer = thin lines

2. perspective = wedge

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10
Q

definition of isomer?

A

same empirical form different molecular structure (no neutrons)

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11
Q

what is an epimer?

A

2 sugars differ only in configuration around 1 carbon

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12
Q

what is an anomer and how does it form?

A

cyclical structure (ISOMERISM IN C1) (chair or boat) formed from reactions between aldehydes, ketones and alcohols = HEMIKETAL

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13
Q

what is esterification?

A

OH + COOH ) alcohol + acid

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14
Q

what is amination?

A

interchange of OH groups by NH2 = AMINOSUGAR

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15
Q

how do dissacharides form?

A

monos CB by O-glycosidic bond (OH 1 sugar reacts w/ C1 of another)

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16
Q

most stable form of glycogen?

A

3d a coiled helix

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17
Q

what is the branching of glycogen like?

A

highly branched

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18
Q

which carbs have storage roles?

A
  1. starch

2. glycogen

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19
Q

which carbs have structural roles?

A
  1. cellulose

2. chitin

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20
Q

what is a polymer of a 1-4 glucose with 1-6 linkage/branching? 2

A

glycogen and amylopectin VERY BRANCHED

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21
Q

what linkage does amylose have?

22
Q

branching of amylose?

23
Q

starch is made of what?

Study These Flashcards
A

20% amylose 80% amylopectin

24
Q

bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in oral cavity EPS have what characteristics? (6)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. resist desiccation
  2. protect against host immunity
  3. adherence
  4. 95% water
  5. help bacterial aggregation + colonization on surface
  6. hierarchical biosynthesis = glucans + fructans
25
what are glucans and fructans made from and what break them down?
- GLUCOSYL + FRUCTOSYL moiety of sucrose | - broken by gluco/fructo syl transferase
26
what are dextrans + what are they made of?
surface enamel bacteria, GLUCANS a-D-glucose dental plaque rich, allow adherence
27
cellulose BRANCHING?
unbranched, D-glucose
28
cellulose + chitin bondage?
b1-4,
29
cellulose characteristics
1. fibrous 2. tough 3. water INSOLUBLE)
30
Chitin monomer?
N ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE
31
Chitin linkage?
B1-4
32
peptidoglycans HETERO
N ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE + N ACETYLMURAMIC ACID
33
agar HETERO RED
D + L GALACTOSE
34
what is purpose of glycoconjugates
information carrier | -carb + lipid/protein
35
proteoglycan =
1+GAG covalently bonded to a core protein
36
glycoprotein purpose?
recognition site for enzymes
37
where usually are glycoprotein ?
mucins, usally on surface of plasa membrane
38
what are glycoproteins?
1 or several oligosaccharides covalently bonded to aminoacid via GLYCOSIDIC BOND
39
glycolipid is usally found where?
brain and neruons
40
glycolipid is what?
membrane shingolipid (hydrophilic head)
41
what do proteoglycans do?
organise cell activity
42
PROTEOGLYCAN TYPE= SYNDECAN
membrane of heparan sulfate
43
PROTEOGLYCAN TYPE= GLYPICAN
attach membrane via lipid anchor
44
PROTEOGLYCAN TYPE= AGGRECANS
many core proteins bound= HYALURONAN
45
what carb determines blood group?
GLYCOPINGOLIPIDS
46
where is LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE found?
outer ne of gram- bacteria (ecoli)
47
what is conformation and configuration?
conformation=interconvertible NOT breaking covalent bonds | configuration= converted by breaking CB
48
anomers a + b D-glucose interconvert via ?
conformation
49
for dissachardies to be reducing they must have?
free carbonyl group, then benedits reagent is use | -oxidised by COO OR COOH
50
What is oxidation and reductions?
``` oxidation= is the loss of e or H and gain o2 reduction= gain e or H and loss of o2 ```
51
what is an oxidised agent and reducing agent?
oxidising agent= E acceptor | reducing agent= E donor

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