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ib biology hl > unit 5: cell membrane and transport > Flashcards

unit 5: cell membrane and transport Flashcards

1
Q

what are glycoproteins?

A

polypeptides with a carbohydrate

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2
Q

what do glycoproteins do?

A

allow recognition from other cells

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3
Q

what is a carbohydrate?

A

a short chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds

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4
Q

what are 3 possible types of oligosaccharides?

A

o, a, and b

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5
Q

what are the non-polar solvents?

A

ethanol, toluene, and propanone

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6
Q

when are lipids soluble?

A

in aqueous solvents (hydrophobic)

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7
Q

what are examples of commonly occurring lipids?

A

fats, oils, and waxes

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8
Q

how are triglycerides formed?

A

by combining 3 fatty acids with 1 glycerol

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9
Q

how is an “ester bond” formed?

A

formed when a acid reacts with a hydroxyl in alcohol

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10
Q

what reaction links a triglyceride?

A

condensation reaction

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11
Q

what backbone is the hydrophilic part of a fatty acid?

A

glycerol backbone

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12
Q

are triglycerides hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

hydrophobic

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13
Q

what are triglycerides otherwise known as?

A

phospholipids

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14
Q

what is the unbranched chain of fatty acids made of?

A

carbon atoms

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15
Q

what bond forms a hydrocarbon chain?

A

covalent bonds

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16
Q

what is the acid part of a molecule?

A

a carboxyl (-COOH)

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17
Q

what range of carbon atoms do hydrocarbon chains have?

A

14-20

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18
Q

what is a fatty acid with single bonds and a max amount of hydrogen?

A

saturated fatty acid

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19
Q

what is a fatty acid with 1-or-more double bonds?

A

unsaturated

20
Q

what fatty acid has 1 double bond?

A

monounsaturated

21
Q

what fatty acid has more hydrogens on one side and 2 double-bonded carbons?

A

cis-fatty acids

22
Q

what fatty acid has hydrogens on the opposite side of cis-fatty acids?

A

trans-fatty acids

23
Q

what is an example of cis-unsaturated acids?

A

oils

24
Q

what type of fatty acid(s) has a bend in the hydrocarbon @ the double bond?

A

cis-fatty acids

25
Q

what type of fatty acid(s) has no bend in the hydrocarbon @ the double bond?

A

trans-fatty acids

26
Q

how many kinks in the chain do saturated fats have?

A

none, straight

27
Q

how many kinks in the chain do monounsaturated fats have?

A

one

28
Q

how many kinks in the chain do saturated fats have?

A

more than one

29
Q

what type of tissue is for energy storage in triglycerides?

A

adipose

30
Q

what is both hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

A

phospholipids

31
Q

what are phospholipids called when they’re both hydrophobic and hydrophilic?

A

amphipathic

32
Q

what chains are the hydrophobic tails of a phospholipid?

A

hydrocarbon

33
Q

what are the group of lipids similar to sterol?

A

steroids

34
Q

what has 17 carbon atoms total in rings?

A

steroids

35
Q

how many fused rings of carbons do steroids have?

A

four

36
Q

what prevents two lipids from mixing?

A

biological membranes

37
Q

what bilayer is the basis of cell membranes?

A

lipid

38
Q

the larger the molecular size, the _____ the permeability

A

lower

39
Q

what molecule(s) are harder to pass through the membrane?

A

glycogen or protein

40
Q

what is simple diffusion?

A

the spreading of particles in random motion

41
Q

the more particles in simple diffusion, the ____ the concentration

A

lower

42
Q

in simple diffusion, the molecules move ____ the “concentration gradient”

A

down

43
Q

is energy required in simple diffusion?

A

no

44
Q

non-polar (oxygen) diffuses in simple diffusion ______

A

easily

45
Q

the concentration outside the membrane is (higher/lower) in aerobic respiration

A

higher

46
Q
A

ib biology hl (1 decks)

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