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Ap Euro > Unit 5 (ch. 18-19) > Flashcards

Unit 5 (ch. 18-19) Flashcards

0
Q

Facts about the Compte Rendu

A

Jacques Necker:

  • Report to king (everyone saw)
  • ignore debt of American Revolution
  • stop paying salary to aristocracy (pressured king to dismiss him)
  • no need for French gov. Rise ad levy taxes
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1
Q

Causes of the crisis leading up to the French Revolution

A
  1. Louis XV:
    - debt from 7 years war
    - wasn’t able to gain nobility support
    - chief advisor Renè Maupeou tried to dismiss the parlement
  2. Louis XVI:
    - dismissed Renè, restored parlement
    - bankrupt from American Revolution (disruption of crops)
    - married Marie Antoinette “Australian whore” “Madame Deffiet” Australian (enemy of France) couldn’t provide male heir
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2
Q

Makeup of the estates general and reasons for its conveying in 1789

A 
Estates General:
-Clergy
-nobility 
-everyone else
Reasons:
Disagreements of funding for France
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3
Q

Financial reforms of Charles Calonne

A
  • taille
  • gov. encourage free internal trade
  • lower salt tax
  • universal land tax
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4
Q

1st and 2nd attempts to limit rights of 3rd estate

A
  • vote by representatives (300 votes)

- vote by clergy (1 vote)

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5
Q

Grievances included as part of the Cashiers de Doleances

A

Abolished:

  • unfair taxing
  • hunting rights
  • church corruption
  • Absolutism (wanted limited gov.)
  • government waste
  • property
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6
Q

Creation of the National Assembly

A
  • didn’t felt they were being heard
  • 3rd estate and reform minded 1st and 2nd
  • goal to limit kings power
  • replace after estates general
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7
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A
  • June 20, 1789
  • keep meeting until they form the New Constitution
  • June 27, Louis XVI official recognize them as National Assembly; changed to National Constituent Assembly
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8
Q

Reasons for the riots of 1788 and 1789

A
  • king dismissed Jacque Necker
  • increased bread price
  • Louis started mobilizing royal troops to Paris
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9
Q

Facts and significance of Storming of the Bastille

A
  • July 14, 1789
  • marched to Bastille for weapons
  • 98 died
  • start of the Revolution
  • Louis writes “nothing” from hunting
  • national guard lead by Marquis de Lafayette
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10
Q

The Great Fear

A
  • rumor the king was confiscating towns people’s home
  • took matter into own hands and attacked the nobilities home
  • highlighted the tipping point of lower class
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11
Q

Night of August 4th

A
  • Feudalism is abolished

- getting rid of the social class

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12
Q

Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen

A
  • Aug. 27,1789

- women were left out

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13
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A
  • the friend of the people news paper
  • writes about propaganda and anti church gov.
  • publish the royal family mocking the revolutionary flag, led to October day
  • killed by Charlotte Corday: I killed one man to save 100,000
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14
Q

October days

A
  • masculine women marched to Versailles to demand ratification of Declaration of Rights… and lower bread price
  • Jean Paul Marat tells everyone Marie said “let them eat cake”
  • royal family brought to Paris, Versailles no longer home of the monarchy
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15
Q

National Constituent Assembly and its preferred form of gov.

A
  • Limited monarchy

- replaced after National Assembly

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16
Q

Characteristics and facts about the constitution of 1791

A
  • limited monarchy
  • National Constituent replaced to Legislative Assembly
  • active citizens: male, can vote, own certain property, 50,000 out of 25 mill.
  • passive: didn’t have right to vote
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17
Q

Declaration of the rights of women

A

Olympe de Gouges:

  • wanted gender equality
  • equality in marriage, education, own property, recognized as citizens
  • brought to Marie
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18
Q

Economic reform

A
  • Grain trade: deregulation trade
  • metric system: encourage growth of domestic trade
  • chapelier law: forbide workers and trade union, discourage trade growth and waged
  • assignat: back up by revenue made by church land or property; led to inflation
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19
Q

Civil constitution of the clergy

A
  • religious reform (aimed at corrupt church)
  • French church under state control
  • bishops from 135-83 departments
  • clergy was elected by the people
  • salary paid by gov.
  • jurying clergy took oath to support⬆️
  • refractory clergy did not
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20
Q

Roman Catholic Church’s view of the Revolution

A
  • pope Pius VI

- against the revolution

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21
Q

Émigrés

A
  • Groups who fled the country (16,000 to England, Austria, Netherlands)
  • started the French Plague: Revolution was a disease that threatened European society and Europe should prevent it from spreading
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22
Q

Characteristics and facts about the Jacobins

A
  • political groups within a club competing for power
  • Girondists: emerged as leader, order émigrés to return to France, order refractory clergy to take oath
  • Montagnards “mountains” republican, extremist, hated Louis XVI
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23
Q

Sans Culottes and goals and methods

A

“Paris commune”

  • without leggings (represent not aristocrats)
  • working class people
  • wanted end of food storage, wanted social equality, small property owner to share equality, the ppl. to vote for gov.
  • Storming of Tileries: Aug. 10, 1792; rumors Marie was sending secret message to Austria
  • wanted to eliminate any counter revolutionaries
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24
Q

September massacre

A
  • excused prisoners of counter revolutionaries executed
  • 1,200 executed
  • discredit French Revolution
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25
Q

Challenges facing the French Revolutionaries

A
  • monarchy: could monarchy be trusted?
  • counter revolutionaries: refractory clergy, royalist peasants, émigrés
  • religious division
  • economic crisis: assignat backfired
  • war: war on Austria and eventually all of Europe
  • political division: jacobins, Montagnards, Girondist
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26
Q

Declaration of Pillnitz

A
  • Austria and Prussia’s Leopold II and Frederick William III
  • if royal family is harmed Austria and Prussia will ally military
  • revolution changed from original path
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27
Q

National convention and its actions

A
  • declared France as a republic
  • put Louis on trial as citizen Capet; found guilty and executed
  • declared war on practically all of Europe
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28
Q

Countries at war with France

A

1st coalition:

  • Austria
  • Prussia
  • holland
  • Sardinia
  • Spain
  • Great Britain
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29
Q

Edmund Burkes view on the revolution

A

Reflections on the revolution in France:

  • France rund by amateur that ignored historical reality
  • revolution will end in military despotism
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30
Q

The partition of Poland

A
  • eastern countries feared Poland was favoring revolution
  • partition: Prussia, Austria, Russia
  • Polish Patriots: issued new constitution FOR elective monarchy
  • Frederick William II made agreement with Catherine the Great of Russia
31
Q

Levee en masse

A

Lazard Carnot:

  • Aug. 23
  • military issue entire population to help for war
  • over 1 million troops, largest army in European history
32
Q

French Republic attempted to achieve and values and important of Republic of Virtue

A 
Attempt: 
-repression of women
-revolutionary tribunal
-dechristianization 
Values:
-community over individual 
-terror is a necessary evil 
-not republican enough got stamped out
-based on Rousseau's social contract
33
Q

Committee of Public of Safety and its purpose

A
  • 12 member exclusive power carried out exclusive duties of gov.
  • devout republic
  • worked with sans-coulette
  • to eliminate threats (Girondists) within Assembly
  • becoming a dictational power
34
Q

Reign of terror

A
  • Sept. 1793- Aug. 1794
  • radical revolutionary period the national convention sought to defend revolution
  • decreed of fraternity
  • led by jacobins
35
Q

Law of 22 Prairial

A
  • the great terror
  • from Robespierre
  • ppl. could be charged for something they didn’t do with no evidence or trial
  • number of ppl. executed doubled per day
36
Q

Robespierre

A

“Incorruptible”

  • Mastermind of reign of terror
  • executed Jacques Danton
  • cult of supreme beings: created new religion; burned old image of Christianity, brought new symbol of deism
  • too consumed by power
37
Q

Result of Thermidorian reaction

A
  • revival of catholic worship
  • traditional roles for women
  • Girondists returned
  • diminished committee of public safety
38
Q

Band of Jesus and the white terror

A

White terror:

-execution of former terrorist and jacobins

39
Q

Women’s rights before and after revolution

A

Possibly less rights then before the revolution

40
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte

A
  • military genus from Corsica
  • artillery expert
  • allied with jacobins
  • 1st major victory: Victory of Toulon
  • consul for life
  • emperor of France
41
Q

Coup of 18 Brumaire

A
  • Abbé Sieyes wanted to dismiss the directory; replace to the Consulate
  • Napoleon escaped Egypt to help Abbé, becomes 1st consul (supreme authority)
  • replace constitution with Constitution of Year VIII
42
Q

Treaty of campo formio

A

❓

43
Q

Battle at abukir

A
  • Great Britain and Austria was in France’s way
  • target allies of Austria; Belgium and N. Italy
  • attacked Egypt; effecting Britain’s trade with Ottoman Empire
  • British leader Horatio Nelson defeat France
44
Q

Napoleons attempt to suppress foreign and domestic opposition

A

Foreign:
-treaty of Luneville (1801) pulls Austria out of war
-treaty of Ameins (1802) truce with Great Britain
-end of 2nd coalition: Austria, Ottoman Empire, Britain, Russia,
Domestic:
-granted general pardon (spared of guilty wrong doing)
-employed all political groups
-executed Duke of Enghien: bourbon; end royalist plot

45
Q

Concordat of 1801, facts, purpose, result

A
  • peace with Catholic Church and gov.
  • refractory and jurying clergy to resign; replace with new clergy
  • France officially Catholicism
  • 1st attempt to re-christianize France
46
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

“Civic code of 1804”

  • unify all French law
  • abolished feudal rights and privilege
  • protect property rights
  • reaffirmed male supremacy
  • abolished primogeniture (wealth go to older son)
  • no workers union
  • reaffirmed merit privilege
47
Q

Napoleon’s becoming emperor of France

A

1804, coronation as emperor

48
Q

Battle of Trafalgar

A

❓

  • Oct. 1805
  • British victory under lord Nelson who’ll die in the battle
  • secured the seas
49
Q

Prime minister of Britain during the French Revolution

A

William Pitt

50
Q

Napoleons victories

A
  1. Battle of Ulm
    -Oct. 1805; against Prussia; occupied many Austrian territories
  2. Battle of Austerlitz
    -Decided. 1805; against Austria and Russia; Italy becomes a kingdom of France
  3. Battle of Jena
    -Oct. 1806; against Prussia;
    Berlin Decreed: forbid Austria and Prussia to trade with Britain
51
Q

Confederation of the Rhines

A

1806, Holy Roman Empire dissolved

52
Q

Greatly of Tilsit

A
  • from battle of Friedland; France with 70,000 troops, Russia with 120,000
  • occupied eastern Prussia losing 1/2 of its territory; forced to become an open ally
  • Russia’s Tzar Alexander I secret ally with France
53
Q

Continental system

A

“Milan Decree”

  • economic trade blockade against Britain
  • hurt allies more than Britain, created resentment from European countries towards France
  • eventually leading to smuggling
54
Q

100 day

A
  • after being exile to Elba, the applaud from soldiers encouraged him to return to France
  • June 18,1815
  • Battle of Waterloo, went against Blucher and Duke of Wellington (Britain and Prussia)
  • 48,000 French casualty
  • exile to st. Helena eventually leading to his death (51)
55
Q

Napoleon wives

A
  • Josephine
  • Marie Louis (18); after Austria lost to France in battle of Wagram, Francis I; Austrian emperor forced to give his daughters hand in marriage to Napoleon
56
Q

Napoleon and his family as rulers

A

❓

57
Q

Napoleon’s brothers rule in the kingdom of Westphalia

A

❓

58
Q

Prussia’s response

A

-German nationalism
Reform:
-administrative: Prussia as constitutional monarchy
-social: abolish feudalism and serfdom
-military: increase quality and quantity of army; training of rotation of 42,000 troops; 270,000 troops available

59
Q

Napoleons peninsular campaign

A

Spain’s response:

  • Napoleon takes grand army to Spain to stop the muffling of goods to Portugal
  • 1808; declare his brother as king of Spain
  • Guerrilla warfare: Spanish peasants pester napoleons troops
  • sir Authur Wellesley aka Duke of Wellington, lead British and prussias troops draining France resources
60
Q

Facts about Napoleons Russia campaign

A
  • Russia withdraw from. Continental system
  • Grande Armée: 600,000 troops to Russia
  • Scorched Earth: Russia burns ALL of its supply
  • Battle of Borodino: Napoleon victory but lost 30,000 troops
  • Moscow: Russia sets Moscow on fire; Napoleon is viewed badly in France; abandons troops to win the people back; -100,000 survivors
61
Q

Battle of Nations

A
  • Oct. 1813
  • european victory
  • treaty of Fontainebleau: forced Napoleon to step down as emperor; exile to Elba
62
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

-sept. 1814-nov. 1815
-restored old traditions, restored Bourbon
Quadruple alliance: Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
-established enlightenment monarchy (bourbon)
-fair territorial adjustment
-strong buffer states around France
-treaty of Chaumont

63
Q

Characteristics and facts of romantic movement

A
  • Late 18th century reaction to the thoughts of the enlightenment in response to the events of the French Revolution and age of Napoleon
  • sought to revive Christianity; Restore art, architecture, literature; ideas of reason and feeling to better understand the world
64
Q

Art, architecture of the romantics

A

Studied scenes from middle ages, respect for social and religious traditions

65
Q

Jean Jacque Rousseau

A

Emile (1762)

  • happy and healthy life outside of civilization and happiness should not be dictated by ideas of society
  • different roles between children and adults
  • separates sphere for men and women: women should not participate in the government
66
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

Critique of pure reason (1781)
Critique of practical reason (1788)
-except rationalism of enlightenment and allowing room for belief of immortality and God
-phenomenal (experiences) vs. Noumental (mind activity)
-categorical imperative “universal command” all people are born with ethical or moral consequence

67
Q

English romantic literature

  1. Samuel Coleridge
  2. William Wordsworth
  3. Lord Byron
A
  1. -imagination is God doing his work
    - The rhime of the ancient mariner: focused on issues of guilt, punishment and salvation
  2. -lyrical ballads: nontraditional neoclassical poetry
    - Ode on imitations of immortality (1804) fear of own poetic imagination on his worship of nature; believed strongly on reality of preexistence
  3. -embodiment of liberalism
    - Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: illustrate illusion people were experiencing falling revolutionary period and Napoleonic war
    - Don Juan
68
Q

German romantic literature

  1. Ludwig Tieck
  2. Friedrich Schlegel
  3. Johann Von Goethe
A
  1. -William Lovell (1793): imagination (William) vs. material world
  2. -Lucinde (1799): Woman should be equal to men
  3. -the sorrow of the young werther (1774): emphasis on feelings any motion as a man fall for a married woman
    - Faust (1808,1832): Faust sells his soul for superior knowledge to the devil but in the end, he spends his life to better mankind which releases him from the devil
69
Q

Romantic art artists

  1. John Constable
  2. Caspar David Friedrich
  3. Joseph William Turner
A
  1. -Salisbury cathedral in the meadow (1831)
    - the hay wain (1821)
  2. -met him mysterious and unpredictable side of nature
    - sublime: feelings of doubt of our existence
    - the polar sea (1824)
    - wonderer above the sea of fog (1818)
    - men & women contemplating the moon (1833)
  3. -rain, steam, speed (1844)
    - the fighting temeraire (1839)
70
Q

Romantic/Neo-gothic architecture characteristics and monuments

A
  • built to represent architecture of middle age
  • British Houses of Parliament
  • Neuschwanstein castle
71
Q

Methodism

A
  • started in England in response to deism and rationalism in the Church of England
  • lead by John Wesley
72
Q

The genius of Christianity

A

Viscount Francois Rene:

  • the bible of romanticism
  • emotion of teaching from the heart of Christian
  • defense of catholic faith attacking religious policy of French Revolution
73
Q

Johann herders contributions to romanticism and German culture

A

❓

74
Q

Hegel, views, ideas and contribution to the study of history

A

Cycle:

  • thesis (ideas)
  • antithesis (challenge thesis)
  • synthesis (new thesis)
  • equal value because it accomplish later achievements
  • the phenomenology of mind (1806)
  • lecture on the philosophy of history (1822-31)
75
Q

Different names of the estates General

A
  • Estates general
  • National Assembly
  • national constituents
  • legislative assembly
  • National convention
  • directory
  • committee of public safety
  • the consulate

Ap Euro (4 decks)

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