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US History > Unit 5: Chapters 10-12 United States History/Lepinsky, Warner, Levi > Flashcards

Unit 5: Chapters 10-12 United States History/Lepinsky, Warner, Levi Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Wilmot Proviso

A

No slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in lands won from Mexico; was never passed

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2
Q

Free Soil Party

A

Supported national freedom platform that resisted aggressions of slave power

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3
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

Voters in a territory, not congress, should decide on allowing slavery

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4
Q

Secede

A

to break away (as in South from Union)

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5
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Settled issue of slavery in territories acquired from Mexico in Mexican-American War

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6
Q

Fugitive Slave Act

A

Citizens had to help with catching and returning runaway slaves

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7
Q

Personal liberty Law

A

Nullified Fugitive Slave Act

Allowed states to arrest slave catchers for kidnapping

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8
Q

Underground Railroad

A

Organized network of people who helped slaves escape to freedom

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9
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

“Black Moses” guided 100s of slaves to freedom, including her own parents

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10
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

Author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”, 1862, which condemned slavery

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11
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

Created Kansas and Nebraska as territories; potential for slavery because people could vote on whether to allow it

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12
Q

John Brown

A

Slavery abolitionist who moved from NY to Kansas

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13
Q

Bleeding Kansas

A

ViolentFights between slavery supporters and abolitionists in Kansas

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14
Q

KnowNothings

A

Anti-immigrant movement; became American party

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15
Q

Republican Party

A

Formed: 1854

Philosophy against slavery

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16
Q

Dred Scott

A

Missouri slave who claimed freedom before Supreme Court; was ruled against

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17
Q

Robert B. Taney

A

Chief justice US Supreme Court that made Dred Scott decision

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18
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

IL legislator who practiced law; opposed slavery

Became 16th president

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19
Q

Steven A. Douglas

A

IL politician who supported slavery; held debates with Lincoln competing for IL senate seat

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20
Q

Harper’s Ferry

A

1859 Site where John Brown tried to seize federal arsenal; hoped to inspire local slaves to join revolution; effort failed

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21
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

Mississippi Senator who convinced Congress to restrict control over slavery

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22
Q

John C. Breckenridge

A

Southern Democrat, VP nominee, goal to expand slavery in territories

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23
Q

Confederate States of America

A

Formed by Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Mississippi seceded from the Union in 1861

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24
Q

Crittendon Compromise

A

Amendment allowing slavery in Western Territories south of Missouri that failed

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25
Fort Sumter (outbreak of Civil War)
Harbor of Charleston, SC | 1861: Confederates attacked it and Union troops surrounded
26
Blockade
Union ships prevented Merchant vessels from entering or leaving South's ports
27
Robert E. Lee
Commander of Confederate Army
28
Anaconda Plan
Proposal by General Scott, Commander of US Forces to capture Miss. River and split South
29
Border states
Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland
30
General Stonewall Jackson
Confederate General who refused to stand down to Union troops at Battle of Bull Run
31
George B. McClellan
New Union general after Battle of Bull Run
32
Ulysses S. Grant
Part of Anaconda Plan; captured two Forts (Henry and Donaldson); eventually became Commander of Union Army
33
Shiloh
Tennessee Battle; mass casualties on both sides; hurt Grant's reputation
34
Antietam, MD
Bloodiest 1 day battle of Civil War
35
Emancipation Proclamation
1862 Military decree freed all slaves in Confederate states
36
54th Massachusetts Regimen
All Black Regimen
37
Income tax
Union govt tax to pay for War costs: 3% of all income > $800
38
Homestead Act of 1862
Made Western Lands available at low cost to those who would farm it.
39
Conscription
Any white man between 20-45 could be drafted; African Americans Exempt; rich could hire replacements
40
Copperheads
Northern group against conscription; wanted to just end the war
41
Habeas Corpus
Protects a person from being held in jail w/o being charged with a specific crime. Pres. Lincoln suspended it and allowed military to arrest people disloyal to Union
42
Clara Barton
Founder of American branch of International Red Cross
43
siege
military tactic: army surrounds, bombards and cuts off all supplies to an enemy to force surrender
44
Vicksburg
Month long siege ended July 4, 1863; Union victory
45
Gettysburg
Longest battle; changed the way war was headed; Union victory
46
George Pickett
Southern general whose last efforts failed at Gettysburg
47
Gettysburg Address of 1863
Lincoln speech that honored the dead at Gettysburg
48
total war strategy
Strategy followed by Grant that allowed for striking civilians and military targets
49
William Tecumseh Sherman
Started Total War Strategy in march from Tennessee/Georgia border to Savannah, GA
50
13th Amendment
Outlawed slavery in US
51
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated President Lincoln | April 14, 1865
52
Matthew Brady
Photojournalist that documented Civil War
53
Land Grant College Act
Gave $ from sale of public lands to states to start universities that taught agriculture and mechanical arts
54
Reconstruction
Period where Fed Gov't returned Southern States to Union
55
Radical Republican
Disagreed with Abe Lincoln's laws; Equal rights for Blacks Led by Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner
56
Wade-Davis Bill
Demanded African American equality
57
Freedmen's Bureau
Made up of refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands
58
Andrew Johnson
VP; took over Pres. after Lincoln's assassination
59
Black Code
Laws that limited Blacks rights and keep them as landless workers
60
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Created Federal guarantee of civil rights; superceded any state laws that limited them
61
14th Amendment
Equality under the law for all citizens
62
Impeach
Remove from office for wrongdoing
63
15th Amendment
Forbidding any state from denying voting rights on race, color, or being previous slaves
64
Scallawag
Men who had been locked out of pre-Civil War politics by rich neighbors
65
Carpetbagger
Newcomers to the South named after their suitcases
66
Segregation
seperation of the races
67
Integration
combining the races in schools
68
Sharecropping
system with no cash; landowner decided on "crop"; gave sharecropper place to live, tools in return for share of harvest
69
Share-Tenancy
same as Sharecropping except Farmworker chose crop to plant not landowner
70
Tenant Farming
Tenant paid cash rent to landowner and then could choose crop and farm land
71
Klu Klux Klan
Southerners who terrorized Blacks
72
Enforcement Acts
Acts of Klu Klux Klan; federal offense to interfere with citizen's right to vote
73
Redeemers
Politicians who Aimed to repair/redeem the South in eyes of Congress
74
Rutherford B. Hayes
Republican who Ran for president in 1876; won after votes recounted
75
Compromise of 1877
``` Commision formed by Congress" 5 senators (Republican) 5 Representatives (Democrats) 5 supreme Court Justices Established that Hayes was elected. ```

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