Unit 5 Development in Early Childhood (2-6y) Flashcards

Question

How many words do the ages retain

Answer 1

3y vocab = 1000-5000 (sentences up to 8 words) --> conjunctions (bcs) and adverbs (heavily) (q: why?) 4y vocab = 10,000 w, 20 w in a sentence --> dependent clauses + tags at sentence end (q: why, how, when?) 6y vocab= 30,000 w, unlimited w in a sentence ---> passive voice, and subjunctive(if I were..) (q: complex and formulated qs)

Answer 2

does not influence beh until late infancy (2y) Adults possess sophisticated memory systems to store diff types of knowledge -> (non-declarative) implicit (unconciously retrieves memories, automatic) -> (declarative) explicit (conscious recollection of info; memorised or learned) --> episodic (retrospective + prospective) (memo of event OR more recent event) --> semantic (General knowledge and facts that aren't unique to subjects)

Answer 3

Encoding -> Storage -> Retrieval E - transforms sense info into representation that can be stored S - Maintains encoded info in mind overtime, potentially converting it into long-term memory R - Recovers or uses info stored in memory

Answer 4

infants are presented pairs of stimuli = they generally look less at familiar stimuli in comparison to unfamiliar -> suggests some degree of memory VPC: (3-6m) C shown visual stimulus, after a delay they are presented two stimuli at the same time: familiar and unfamiliar --> index of recognition memory= time the subject spends looking at familiar in comparison to unfamiliar

Answer 5

1 - 4y were compared on VPC task encoding duration: familiar 5, 10, or 30s RESULTS: 4y showed recognition of the familiar stimulus after j 5s encoding duration 1y showed recognition only after 10s of encoding duration After a week 4y where only able to recognise/remember a stimulus if shown for at least 10s 1y could only recognise if shown for 30s, and only up to 24hr LTR, no more. RETRIEVING INFORMATION DEPENDS ON HOW MUCH TIME WE SPEND ENCODING -> encoding develops significantly 1-4y of age

Answer 6

shows that 6m old can recognise after 20s and 9m can recognise with a delay of 2-3minutes --> BOWLBY suggested that 2m begin to recognise caregiver, suggesting that memory systems work at a possibly a very young age

Answer 7

very few adults can remember younger that 3.5 years old one prominent explanation = importance of language for recall - rudimentary until 3yrs, before that there are no verbal tags, and may make memories inaccessible

Answer 8

C gradually learn when + how to express emotions -> life long thing birth - basic emotions: intreset, distress, disgust, contentment -> end of 2m bbs show social smiles as response -> 2-7m little variation of cultures (anger sadness, joy, surprise, and fear) -> 18-24m (complex) damage or enhancement of our sense of self-conscious emotions (embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride) CAN ONLY RECOGNISE OTHERS EMOTIONS @ 7-10m (social referencing for regulation and understanding) -> ability to empathise

Answer 9

def: ability to *predict* what another person *believes* in a given situation, and based on that information, predict how that person might behave core cognitive abilities - to understand what the other wants - understand what the other believes is true BARON-COHEN: initial phase 8m: Gaze following 12m: porto-declarative pointing allows C to confirm to to other person that they're aware

Answer 10

-> Private self = how we feel inside -> public self = how we show how we feel to others - child understand if someone appears a certain way they feel that way aswell =empathy -> understand internal emotions correspond w/ desires + beh is motivated to satisfy their desires = Belief-desire reasoning

Answer 11

3yrs -> although children might not have developed the ability to understand the a BELIEF may be FALSE seeing leads to knowing = develops 3/4y --> also develops meta-representation in pretend play -> separate what is true about situation, from what someone is pretending to do

Answer 12

Sally-Anne task (sally put her marbles in a basket, Anne moves them when she wasn't looking) --> belief q: where will sally look for her marble? --> reality q: where is the marble? --> memory q: where was the marble in the beginning? result: 3.5 to 5.9yrs correctly answers reality and memory but subjects under 4 yrs cannot answer belief q conclusion C younger than 4 may not understand false-belief

Answer 13

research as kids what is inside a smarties box, smarties, without showing them. The kids were then shown there was pencil inside, then asked if other kids were asked the same question what would they answer. 4y said smarties 3y said pencils

Answer 14

-> people say and do things to evoke a response in others first order false belief question: where will Kevin look for the chocolate? Second order false belief question: where does Marieke think that Kevin will loo for the chocolate? (being that she moved it from drawer to the toy box, and their mother w/out them seeing put it into the tv armario)

Unit 5 Development in Early Childhood (2-6y) Flashcards

(38 cards)