Unit 5 Drug Abuse

Question 1

What is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on humans called?

Answer 1

Toxicology - Toxicology studies harmful effects of chemicals like drugs and poisons.

Question 2

Which act serves as the legal basis for drug testing in the Philippines?

Answer 2

Republic Act No. 9165 - It is known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.

Question 3

What is the most common method used in screening for drugs of abuse?

Answer 3

Immunochromatographic technique - This method is widely used due to its simplicity and rapid results.

Question 4

What is the confirmatory test considered the reference method for most analytes?

Answer 4

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - GC-MS has high specificity and sensitivity.

Question 5

Which natural drug is most abundant in opium poppy?

Answer 5

Morphine - Morphine is a naturally occurring alkaloid in the opium poppy.

Question 6

What synthetic opioid is also known as Methadone hydrochloride?

Answer 6

Methadone - Methadone is used for pain relief and heroin withdrawal therapy.

Question 7

What is the active component of cough syrups with antitussive effect?

Answer 7

Codeine - Codeine is a mild opioid with cough-suppressing properties.

Question 8

Which drug is derived from opium poppy and commonly referred to as “Smack”?

Answer 8

Heroin - Smack is a street name for heroin.

Question 9

Which opioid is 80 times more potent than morphine?

Answer 9

Fentanyl - Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid.

Question 10

What is the commonly abused stimulant derived from the cocoa plant?

Answer 10

Cocaine - Cocaine is extracted from coca leaves and is a CNS stimulant.

Question 11

What drug is also known as “Shabu”?

Answer 11

Methamphetamine - Shabu is the street name for methamphetamine in the Philippines.

Question 12

What psychoactive compound is found in marijuana?

Answer 12

THC - THC stands for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Question 13

What is the more potent extract of marijuana resin called?

Answer 13

Hashish - Hashish is made by concentrating marijuana resin.

Question 14

Which drug acts on sigma receptors and causes severe psychosis in overdose?

Answer 14

Phencyclidine - PCP binds to sigma receptors causing hallucinations and psychosis.

Question 15

What class of drugs is used to treat hypogonadism and enhance muscle mass?

Answer 15

Anabolic steroids - These synthetic hormones mimic testosterone.

Question 16

What is the most commonly used opioid antagonist for overdose treatment?

Answer 16

Naloxone - Naloxone quickly reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Question 17

Which method uses gold conjugated antibodies to detect drugs?

Answer 17

Immunochromatographic test - The antibodies are tagged with colloidal gold particles.

Question 18

What is the major cause of drug-related death among opiates?

Answer 18

Propoxyphene - Propoxyphene has been linked to many fatal overdoses.

Question 19

Which drug test can detect use up to a month using hair samples?

Answer 19

Hair follicle test - Drugs remain detectable in hair longer than in blood or urine.

Question 20

What is the sedative-hypnotic with a high abuse potential and low therapeutic index?

Answer 20

Barbiturates - These drugs can easily lead to overdose.

Question 21

What class of drugs includes diazepam and lorazepam?

Answer 21

Benzodiazepines - They are used for anxiety but can be abused.

Question 22

What enzyme-based assay is used in drug detection?

Answer 22

EMIT - Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique is commonly used in labs.

Question 23

What thin-layer technique is used in screening and confirming drugs?

Answer 23

Toxi-Lab - It’s a rapid method for broad-spectrum drug detection.

Question 24

What analytical technique is not standard for barbiturate testing?

Answer 24

HPLC - High-performance liquid chromatography isn’t the standard for this purpose.

Question 25

What is the condition caused by heroin overdose leading to breathing cessation?

Answer 25

Respiratory arrest - This is a common and fatal effect of opioid overdose.

Question 26

What stimulant is associated with hallucinations and increased sensory response?

Answer 26

Amphetamine - Abuse leads to psychotic symptoms and hallucinations.

Question 27

Toxicology includes the study of only pharmaceutical drugs.

Answer 27

False - It includes all xenobiotics, not just pharmaceuticals.

Question 28

The Department of Health is responsible for monitoring drug testing labs.

Answer 28

True - DOH accredits and oversees these labs.

Question 29

Codeine is synthesized directly from heroin.

Answer 29

False - It is derived from morphine or synthesized separately.

Question 30

GC-MS is used as a screening test.

Answer 30

False - GC-MS is a confirmatory test.

Question 31

Heroin is a synthetic derivative of morphine.

Answer 31

True - Heroin is the diacetylated form of morphine.

Question 32

Fentanyl patches are a form of oral administration.

Answer 32

False - They are used transdermally.

Question 33

Marijuana can be administered intravenously.

Answer 33

Rarely true - It is mostly smoked or taken orally.

Question 34

Hashish has a higher THC content than marijuana.

Answer 34

True - Hashish is a resin concentrate of cannabis.

Question 35

Barbiturates are water soluble and do not cross the blood-brain barrier easily.

Answer 35

False - They are fat-soluble and easily cross the barrier.

Question 36

Methamphetamine is used in clinical settings for narcolepsy.

Answer 36

True - It has limited medical use.

Question 37

Cocaine is only detectable in urine within 6 hours of intake.

Answer 37

False - It may persist longer and can be detected by various tests.

Question 38

Phencyclidine is a depressant only.

Answer 38

False - PCP has mixed effects including stimulation and hallucination.

Question 39

EMIT is a chromatographic method.

Answer 39

False - EMIT is an enzyme immunoassay.

Question 40

Anabolic steroids can lead to sterility in males and females.

Answer 40

True - They disrupt hormonal balance.

Question 41

GC-MS is the least accurate method for confirmatory testing.

Answer 41

False - It is the most accurate.

Question 42

Barbiturate overdose always leads to coma and death.

Answer 42

False - Severity depends on dose, but it can be fatal.

Question 43

Naloxone is ineffective in heroin overdose.

Answer 43

False - Naloxone is the standard treatment.

Question 44

Cocaine cannot be detected through hair analysis.

Answer 44

False - Hair analysis is effective for long-term detection.

Question 45

All benzodiazepines have a low abuse potential.

Answer 45

False - They are commonly abused sedatives.

Question 46

Phencyclidine was once used medically.

Answer 46

True - It was marketed as Sernyl but later withdrawn.