Unit 5 Expanding Nation

Question 1

Corrupt Bargain

Answer 1

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay is appointed Secretary of State after he convinced the House of Representatives to elect JQAdams rather than Jackson.

Question 2

1807

Answer 2

Congress banned the importation of slaves into the US; slaves could not be brought into the US beginning in 1808.

Question 3

Abolition

Answer 3

The movement to end slavery; by 1804 most Northern states had outlawed slavery.

Question 4

California

Answer 4

By 1849, they had a large enough population to apply for statehood; admitted as a free state in 1850, upsetting the balance of slave and free states in the U.S. Congress.

Question 5

Changes in Art & Lit

Answer 5

Writers and painters began to celebrate nature, the wilderness, the west and America’s past; writers began using American slang & spelling.

Question 6

Cherokee

Answer 6

Adopted white customs such as farming & ranching, clothing, education, written language, newspaper and constitution in order to be allowed to remain on tribal land; despite their efforts they were removed.

Question 7

Chinese immigrants

Answer 7

Thousands came to California during the Gold Rush; despite prejudice and discrimination they worked hard in the mines and established businesses when driven from the mines; led to the establishment of Chinatown in San Francisco.

Question 8

Civil disobedience

Answer 8

Refusal to obey laws that one considers to be unjust as a form of peaceful protest; this idea influenced important leaders in the 20th Century, including Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 9

Convention of 1818

Answer 9

US and Britain signed treaty using 49th parallel to settle disputed area in Northern part of Louisiana Purchase.

Question 10

Cotton gin

Answer 10

Invented by Eli Whitney; allowed cotton to be cleaned quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields.

Question 11

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 11

Developed the mechanical reaper, a machine for cutting crops for harvest, much more efficient and much quicker, helped the agricultural growth of America.

Question 12

Democratic Party

Answer 12

A political party formed by supporters of Andrew Jackson after he lost to John Quincy Adams in the Election of 1824.

Question 13

Depression

Answer 13

A severe economic slump; marked by a decrease in business activity, widespread unemployment, and falling prices and wages.

Question 14

Dorothea Dix

Answer 14

Asked the Massachusetts legislature to improve the care of mentally disabled; her efforts led to the opening of 32 hospitals to care for the mentally ill.

Question 15

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 15

Leader in the Women’s Rights movement; helped to organize the first convention for Women’s Rights in Seneca Falls, NY along with Lucretia Mott.

Question 16

Florida Cession

Answer 16

Territory acquired from Spain in the Adams-Onis Treaty in 1819.

Question 17

Forty niners

Answer 17

People who went to California in hopes of finding gold.

Question 18

Frederick Douglass

Answer 18

Former slave who became an effective abolitionist lecturer/speaker; published autobiography describing life as a slave; published an anti-slavery newspaper; advised Lincoln to issue Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 19

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 19

Last territory acquired by the US that would become part of the continental United States; parts of southern New Mexico and Arizona; purchased from Mexico in order to complete construction of transcontinental railroad.

Question 20

Gag rule

Answer 20

Rule in the House of Representatives that forbid members from bringing up the issue of slavery; John Quincy Adams helped get this rule removed.

Question 21

Gold

Answer 21

Discovered on Cherokee land which made the state of Georgia pass laws to remove them more quickly than the Indian Removal Act; Cherokee’s sued Georgia and Supreme Court ruled that Georgia could not kick them out.

Question 22

Gold Rush

Answer 22

Gold was discovered in California; in 1849, people rushed to California in hopes of finding gold.

Question 23

Harriet Tubman

Answer 23

Former slave who used Underground Railroad to escape and became one of the most famous conductors; made 19 journeys in order to help free 300 slaves; became a spy for the Union during the Civil War.

Question 24

Henry Clay

Answer 24

“Great Compromiser”; Missouri Compromise and Compromise to lower the “Tariff of Abominations.”

Question 25

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 25

Transcendentalist who did not support the Mexican war or slavery; he practiced civil disobedience by not paying his taxes (that would go to support the war) and was sent to jail.

Question 26

Horace Mann

Answer 26

Education reformer, led the way for educational reform; pushed for public high schools; first public high school established in Boston, Mass.

Question 27

Hudson River School

Answer 27

Influential group of painters in NY in the mid 1800s that painted huge landscapes of nature scenes instead of the traditional subjects of portraits and religion.

Question 28

Indian Removal Act

Answer 28

1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi River; supported by Andrew Jackson.

Question 29

Indian Territory

Answer 29

Area Native Americans were forced to move to; made up of present day Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska.

Question 30

Industrial Revolution

Answer 30

Time period in US history when people began to use machines to do work; a move from hand tools to machines and from farming to factories.

Question 31

Inflation

Answer 31

An increase in prices and a decrease in the value of money.

Question 32

Interchangeable parts

Answer 32

Developed by Eli Whitney; identical parts that can be substituted one for the other instead of being hand-made; made production faster, made repairs easier, reduced cost, allowed for less skilled, lower paid workers, assembly line.

Question 33

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 33

Spreading more political power to more people; voting restriction of land ownership was lifted; "Common Man" gained right to vote.

Question 34

James K Polk

Answer 34

POTUS #11; campaigned on the promise of Manifest Destiny and achieved it while president.

Question 35

John C. Calhoun

Answer 35

Lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Supported the state's rights theory and created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional.

Question 36

John Deere

Answer 36

Responsible for inventing the steel plow which cut through soil better than iron plow, making farming in the Midwest easier.

Question 37

John James Audubon

Answer 37

Naturalist and painter who became well-known for his attempt to document all types of American birds.

Question 38

John Quincy Adams

Answer 38

POTUS #6: his plans for national improvements were not supported by Democratic controlled Congress.

Question 39

Labor union

Answer 39

A group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions; in mid-1800s fought for shorter hours - higher wages.

Question 40

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 40

Territory bought from France in 1803; doubled the size of the US; stretched from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains.

Question 41

Lowell Mill

Answer 41

Textile mills located in a factory town in Massachusetts; employed mostly women between the ages of 16 and 35 known as "Lowell Mill Girls."

Question 42

Manifest Destiny

Answer 42

The belief that the United States was meant to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean; the phrase meant that westward expansion was not only good but was inevitable.

Question 43

Mexican Cession

Answer 43

Territory US gained in Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

Question 44

Mexican-American War

Answer 44

War between the US and Mexico in the mid 1800s; started when Polk sent US troops into disputed territory between the Rio Grande and Nueces River; Mexican soldiers opened fire causing Congress to declare war; US wins and gains Mexican Cession in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.

Question 45

Nat Turner Rebellion

Answer 45

Slave rebellion in which over 50 whites were killed before Turner and his band were captured, tried, and executed; led to fear in the South - more than 200 African Americans were killed in revenge and strict laws were passed regarding African Americans.

Question 46

National Republicans

Answer 46

Political party that supported John Quincy Adams when the Democratic Republican Party split.

Question 47

Nativists

Answer 47

Native-born Americans who were prejudiced against and discriminated against immigrants - refused to hire them and did not want them to hold political offices; formed the Know-Nothing Party / American Party.

Question 48

Negative effects of immigration

Answer 48

Overcrowding - housing was cramped, unhealthy and expensive; disease spread; crime flourished; prejudice grew; Know-Nothing Party.

Question 49

New England

Answer 49

Location of early US factories due to: 1) fast moving rivers for water power 2) easy access to Atlantic ports 3) willing labor force - subsistence farmers & immigrants.

Question 50

Nullification

Answer 50

Theory that a state has the right to cancel any federal law that the state deems unconstitutional. John C Calhoun was the foremost proponent.

Question 51

Old Hickory

Answer 51

Andrew Jackson's popular nickname, signaling his toughness and strength.

Question 52

Oregon Territory

Answer 52

Divided it with British though a treaty in 1846; used 49th parallel.

Question 53

Panic of 1837

Answer 53

State banks issued too much paper money which led to inflation; people became very concerned about economic stability of nation and began to exchange paper money for gold; banks ran out of gold and began to close; economic depression followed.

Question 54

Potato famine

Answer 54

Failure of the staple crop in Ireland that caused millions of Irish to come to America during the 1840s.

Question 55

Prison reform

Answer 55

Separate jails were created for minors and adults; the rehabilitation of prisoners started.

Question 56

Protective tariff

Answer 56

Tax on imported goods designed to benefit American industry by increasing the price of imported goods.

Question 57

Pull factors

Answer 57

Positive factors that cause immigrants to move to a new country.

Question 58

Push factors

Answer 58

Negative factors that cause people to leave a country.

Question 59

Regional interest of South

Answer 59

Slavery; cotton plantations; HATED tariffs because they exchanged most of their cotton for foreign goods.

Question 60

Robert Fulton

Answer 60

Invented steamboat that could travel against the current; improved speed of water travel.

Question 61

Samuel Morse

Answer 61

Invented the telegraph; with the telegraph, it took only seconds to communicate with someone in another city.

Question 62

Second Bank of the United States

Answer 62

Jackson opposed it because he felt it favored the wealthy; he vetoed the charter, declared it unconstitutional (not his job) and took US $$ out which "killed" the bank; led to a short lived economic "boom" which made Jackson even more popular.

Question 63

Second Great Awakening

Answer 63

Renewal of religious devotion in the early 1800 that changed society and brought about reform movement because Americans began to believe that they could improve society.

Question 64

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 64

First women's rights convention; held in Seneca Falls, NY; declared "all men and women are created equal" and demanded the women be given the right to vote.

Question 65

Sojourner Truth

Answer 65

Former slave who became an important abolitionist and Women's Rights speaker.

Question 66

Spirituals

Answer 66

Religious folk songs sung by slaves, often contained coded messages on escape routes.

Question 67

Spoils system

Answer 67

A system of public employment based on rewarding political supporters.

Question 68

Steam locomotive

Answer 68

Invented by Peter Cooper; became popular in the late 1830s; sped up rate of travel and trade over land.

Question 69

Suffrage

Answer 69

Right to vote.

Question 70

Susan B Anthony

Answer 70

Leader of women's rights movement who argued that, in addition to the right to vote, women should have the right to own property.

Question 71

Tariff of Abominations

Answer 71

What the South called the Tariff of 1828, which raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory because it helped the north but hurt them.

Question 72

Temperance movement

Answer 72

Campaign to get people to stop drinking alcohol; supported by women and business owners.

Question 73

Texas Annexation

Answer 73

Texas became a part of the US in 1845.

Question 74

Textile mill

Answer 74

The factories where cloth is made.

Question 75

Trail of Tears

Answer 75

Forced removal of Cherokees to Indian Territory by the US Army; 1/4 of them died on the journey.

Question 76

Transcendentalism

Answer 76

Philosophy that teaches the spiritual is more important than the physical and that people can find truth within themselves.

Question 77

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Answer 77

Officially ended the Mexican-American War; recognized Texas as part of the US and established the Rio Grande as the border between the two nations; US received the Mexican Cession and Mexico received $15 million.

Question 78

Treaty of Paris of 1783

Answer 78

Officially ended the American Revolution and established the first boundaries of the USA; Canada to the North, Spanish Florida to the South and the Mississippi River to the East.

Question 79

Underground Railroad

Answer 79

A series of escape routes for slaves to the North; traveled by night, hid out in "stations" such as barns and cellars during the day.

Question 80

Whig Party

Answer 80

Party formed by Henry Clay and Daniel Webster to oppose POTUS having too much power.

Question 81

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 81

Abolitionist who published an anti-slavery newspaper called The Liberator; he called for the immediate end to slavery.

Question 82

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 82

A Supreme Court ruling which stated the Cherokee nation was a distinct community in which the laws of Georgia had no force; Jackson's response "John Marshall has made his decision, now he can enforce it."