Unit 5 Head, Neck And Face

Question 0

Cervical spine

Answer 0

7 cervical

Has unique features-Transverse foramen.

Question 1

How many skull bones?

Answer 1

22 bones

8 cranial, 14 facial

Question 2

Atlas C1

Answer 2

1st cervical vertebra.

Ring-shaped vertebra without a vertebral body or a spinous process.

Question 3

Axis C2

Answer 3

Second cervical vertebra.

Does not have a body, has unique vertical projection called odontoid process (dens).

Question 4

Cranial surtures

Answer 4

Joins the bones of the skull.

Synarthrodial joint- negligible movement

Question 5

Atlantooccipital joints

A/O

Answer 5

Plane synovial joint.

Articulation between superior facets and occipital condyles bilaterally.

Question 6

Alar ligament

Answer 6

Runs obliquely upward and laterally from the dens to the occipital condyles
Limits rotation of head and atlas
Limits lateral flexion

Question 7

Cruciform ligament

Answer 7

3 parts, forms a cross
Superior longitudinal fibers- transverse ligament to occiput.
Transverse ligament-stretches across ring, holds dens.
Inferior longitudinal fibers- transverse ligament to axis

Question 8

Atlantoaxial joint A/A

Answer 8

Composed of 3 joints.
Atlanto-odontoid joint
Two facet joints

Question 9

Altanto-odontoid joint

Answer 9

Pivot joint

Dens of axis rotates next to anterior arch of the atlas behind transverse ligament.

Question 10

Facet joints

Zygapophyseal joints

Answer 10

Plane synovial joints

Inferior articulating facet of the vertebrae above and superior articulating facet of the vertebrae below.

Question 11

Intervertebral joint

Answer 11

Amphiarthrodial joint
Comprised of 2 parts:
Inner- nucleus pulposus
Outer- annular fibrosus

Question 12

Anterior longitudinal ligament

ALL

Answer 12

Runs vertically along the anterior surface of the bodies of the vertebrae.
From occiput to sacrum.
Limits extension.

Question 13

Posterior longitudinal ligament

PLL

Answer 13

Runs vertically along the posterior surface of the bodies vertebrae inside the vertebral foramen from c2 to sacrum.
Reinforces the intervertebral discs.

Question 14

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 14

Lamina to lamina. “Yellow ligament”
High content of yellow elastic connective tissue.
Limits flexion.

Question 15

Intertransverse ligaments

Answer 15

Transverse process to transverse process.

Limits lateral flexion.

Question 16

Interspinous ligament

Answer 16

Deep, spinous process to spinous process.

Limits flexion

Question 17

Supraspinous ligaments

Answer 17

Superficial, spinous process to spinous process.

Limits flexion.

Question 18

Ligamentum nuchae

Answer 18

Supraspinous ligament in cervical spine.

Question 19

Temporomandibular joint

TMJ

Answer 19

Modified hinge joint of synovial joint with a Articular disc between temporal bone and mandible.
Most frequently used joint- 2000-3000

Question 20

Lateral ligament

Answer 20

Combo of horizontal and oblique fibers

Stabilize the lateral side

Question 21

Splenius capitis

Answer 21

O inferior 1/2 of Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process C7- T4

I mastoid process & lateral portion of superior nuchal line

A unilateral rotate head/ neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilateral extend

N cervical

Question 22

Splenius cervicis

Answer 22

O spinous process T3- T6

I transverse process C1-C3

A unilateral rotate head/neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same
Bilaterally extend head/neck

N cervical

Question 23

Longus capitis

Answer 23

A unilaterally rotate head/neck to same
Laterally flex head/neck to same side
Bilaterally flex head/ neck

N C1-4

Question 24

Longus Colli

Answer 24

A unilaterally rotate head/neck to same Laterally flex head/neck to same Bilaterally flex head/neck N C2-7

Question 25

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 25

O sternal head- top of manubrium Clavicular head- medial 1/3 of clavicle I mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput A unilateral rotate head/neck to opposite Laterally flex head/neck to same Bilaterally flex neck, assist on inhalation. N C1-3

Question 26

Scalenes

Answer 26

O anterior transverse process C3-C6 Middle transverse process C2-C7 Posterior transverse process C6-C7 I anterior/middle- rib 1, posterior- rib 2 A unilateral rotate head/neck to opposite, laterally flex head/neck to same, bilateral elevate ribs during inhalation. Bilateral anterior Scalenes: flex head/neck N C3-8

Question 27

Platysma

Answer 27

A assist mandible depression, tighten fascia of neck, draw down Corners of mouth. N facial cranial nerve 7

Question 28

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 28

A Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead N facial cranial nerve 7

Question 29

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 29

A closes eyes tightly N facial cranial nerve 7

Question 30

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 30

A Approximates and protrudes lips as in whistling N facial cranial nerve 7

Question 31

Zygomaticus major

Answer 31

A smile N facial cranial nerve 7

Question 32

Masseter | TMJ

Answer 32

A Elevate mandible (TMJ) May assist to protract the mandible. N trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division

Question 33

Temporalis | TMJ

Answer 33

A elevate and retract mandible (TMJ) N trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division

Question 34

Medial pterygoid | TMJ

Answer 34

A unilateral laterally deviate manidible to opposite, bilateral elevate and protract. N- trigeminal cranial nerve 5

Question 35

Lateral pterygoid | TMJ

Answer 35

A Unilateral laterally deviate mandible to opposite, bilateral protract N trigeminal cranial nerve 5

Question 36

Diagastic | TMJ

Answer 36

A if hyoid bone is fixed, depresses. If mandible is fixed, elevates the hyoid. Retracts mandible N anterior belly: trigeminal cranial nerve 5 mandibular division, posterior belly: facial cranial nerve 7

Question 37

Rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 37

A Extend upper cervical, rotate head to same N suboccipital

Question 38

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 38

A extend upper cervical N suboccipital

Question 39

Oblique capitis superior

Answer 39

A Extend upper cervical, laterally flex head to same N suboccipital

Question 40

Oblique capitis inferior

Answer 40

A Rotate head to same side N suboccipital

Question 41

Cervical flexion | Goni

Answer 41

CROM- 45 sitting Inclinometer- 45 sitting T1, top of head

Question 42

Cervical extension | Goni

Answer 42

CROM- 45, sitting Inclinometer- 45, sitting Spine of scapula, top of head

Question 43

Cervical lateral flexion (sidebending) | Goni

Answer 43

CROM- 45, sitting Inclinometer- 45, sitting T1, top of head

Question 44

Cervical rotation | Goni

Answer 44

CROM- 60, sitting magnetic yoke Pacemaker is a contraindication Inclinometer- 60, supine Midforehead

Question 45

Compression test | Special test

Answer 45

Test for Narrowing of neural foramen, pressure on facet joints, muscle spasm By Increase symptoms. Increase pain in cervical spine or bUE

Question 46

Distraction test | Special test

Answer 46

Test from narrowing of neural foramen, pressure on facet joints, muscle spasm by decreasing symptoms Decrease pain in the cervical spine or BUE

Question 47

Dix-hallpike test

Answer 47

Test for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo BPPV Finding nystagmus, involuntary, rapid back and forth eye movement.

Question 48

Mobility of 1st rib test

Answer 48

Test for hypomobility of 1st rib. Tight Scalenes Limited cervical side bending ROM.

Question 49

Vertebral artery test | Cervical quadrant test

Answer 49

Test for partial or complete occlusion of the vertebral artery. Dizziness, blurred vision, nystagmus, slurred speech, loss of consciousness are signs vertebral artery occlusion.