Unit 5 Lesson 12 Flashcards
Im early 1942 how was the war going, who was wining? (talk about the Germany side)
In early 1942, the situation looked bleak for the Allies. German armies occupied most of Europe and much of North Africa. The German war machine seemed unbeatable. German submarines were sinking ships faster than the Allies could replace them. Most of Europe was in Axis hands.
Im early 1942 how was the war going, who was wining? (talk about the Japans side)
Meanwhile, Japan was sweeping across Asia and the Pacific. American forces were divided between two fronts. It was not until 1943 that the tide of battle turned. It took time for the Allies to develop new strategies, weapons, and forces to fight back Hitler and win the war in Japan.
How did German VS the Soviet Union go?
In the Soviet Union, German armies were closing in on Moscow, Leningrad, and Stalingrad during the summer of 1941. The Soviets resisted heroically. They burned crops and destroyed farm equipment so that the Germans could not use them. The harsh Russian winter that followed also greatly hindered the German advance.
What happend to the Russians during the 900-day siege of Leningrad?
Still, the German attack caused terrible hardships. During the 900-day siege of Leningrad that began in the fall of 1941, more than one million Russian men, women, and children died, mostly of starvation.
What coutries did Japn seize after they bombed Pearal Harbor?
Meanwhile, Japanese forces were on the move in the Pacific. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, they seized Guam, Wake Island, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The Japanese pressed on. They captured Malaya, Burma, and the Dutch East Indies. They threatened India to the west and Australia and New Zealand to the south.
Who was General Douglas MacArthur what did he do?
General Douglas MacArthur commanded United States forces in the Southwest Pacific. With few troops, MacArthur had to defend a huge area. He directed American and Filipino troops in the defense of the Philippines and the island of Bataan. They fought bravely against enormous odds. In the end, MacArthur was forced to withdraw. However, about 75,000 American and Filipino troops left to defend Bataan were captured. Nonetheless, MacArthur announced from the safety of Australia: “I shall return.”
What were the American and Britsh leaders very first plan?
Even before Pearl Harbor, American and British leaders had decided that the Allies must defeat Germany and Italy first. Then, they would send their combined forces to fight Japan. They adopted the beat hitler first stratergy.
Desribe the Battle of Midway, who was in it and who won and how where did it take placr?
Chester Nimitz, commander of Allied forces in the Pacific, sent a naval task force into the Coral Sea near Java in May 1942. The task force, strengthened by aircraft carriers that had survived the attack on Pearl Harbor, met a Japanese fleet there. After a three-day battle, the Japanese fleet turned back. It was the first naval battle in history in which the ships never engaged one another directly. All the damage was done by airplanes from the carriers.
One month later, the United States Navy won a stunning victory at the Battle of Midway. American planes sank four Japanese aircraft carriers. The battle severely hampered the Japanese offensive. It also kept Japan from attacking.
Describe allied forces in North Africa?
Allied forces began to push back the Germans in North Africa. In October 1942, the British won an important victory at El Alamein in Egypt.
Describe American troops in Morocco and Algeria?
Meanwhile, American troops under the command of Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower, Omar Bradley, and George S. Patton landed in Morocco and Algeria. They then pushed east. Allied armies trapped Rommel’s forces in Tunisia. In May 1943, his army had to surrender.
Tell me about allies in Italy?
From bases in North Africa, the Allies organized the invasion of Italy. They used paratroopers and soldiers brought by sea to capture the island of Sicily. In early September 1943, the Allies crossed from Sicily to the mainland of Italy.
By then, Mussolini had been overthrown as leader of Italy. The Germans, however, still occupied much of Italy. In a series of bloody battles, the Allies slowly fought their way up the peninsula. On June 4, 1944, Allied troops marched into Rome. It was the first European capital to be freed from Nazi control.
Descirbe the Soveit Union role in the war?
The Soviet army repelled the Germans from Leningrad in 1943. At Stalingrad, after months of fierce house-to-house fighting, Soviet soldiers forced the invading German army to surrender. Slowly, the Soviet army pushed the remaining German forces westward through Eastern Europe. Fighting in Russia and Eastern Europe was fierce. The Soviet Union would eventually lose some 9 million soldiers during the war, more than any other country.
For years, Stalin had urged Britain and the United States to send armies across the English Channel into France. Such an attack would create a second front in Western Europe and ease pressure in the East. However, not until 1944 were Churchill and Roosevelt prepared to attempt an invasion of Western Europe.
What was Operation Overlord?
Years of planning went into Operation Overlord, the code name for the invasion of Europe. General Eisenhower was appointed commander of Allied forces in Europe. He faced an enormous task. He had to organize a huge army, ferry it across the English Channel, and provide it with ammunition, food, and other supplies. By June 1944, almost 3 million troops were ready for the invasion.
The Germans knew that an attack was coming, but not when or where. To guard against the Allied invasion, they had mined beaches and strung barbed wire along the entire French coastline. Machine guns and concrete antitank walls stood ready to stop an advance.
What was D-Day?
In the early morning of June 6, 1944—D-Day as it was known—a fleet of 4,000 Allied ships carried the invasion force to France. Allied airplanes dropped thousands of paratroopers into occupied France. Gliders landed in the French fields to deliver yet more troops and supplies. Allied warships shelled German defenses in preparation for the attack. But most of the invasion came from troop landings on five different beaches along Normandy. Allied troops scrambled ashore, with particularly tough resistance at a location codenamed Omaha Beach. Before the attack was over, 2,400 American casualties resulted at “Bloody Omaha.” Eventually Allied forces captured all five beaches.
Frances freedom
Despite intense German gunfire and heavy losses, Allied forces surged on to capture more territory along the coast of France. Every day, more soldiers landed at Normandy to reinforce the advance. However, fighting after D-Day was extremely slow and dangerous due to French farm fields that provided thick cover for the enemy. But the Allied ground troops fought stubbornly and pushed German forces back.
The Allied liberation of France continued with the capture of Cherbourg, an important French port, by the end of June. Then the Allies swept east and, on August 25, 1944, they entered Paris. After four years under Nazi rule, the Parisians greeted their liberators with joy. Within a month, all of France was free.
Decribe the Battle of the bulge?
On December 16, 1944, German forces began a fierce counterattack. They pushed the Allies back, creating a bulge in the front lines. During the Battle of the Bulge, as it was later called, the outnumbered American forces held the Germans back. Because of a fuel shortage, Germany was unable to power its tanks through the American defense. This hindered the German forces, allowing the Allies to maintain their ground.
How did allies use their bombing tecnique to stop Germany?
The Battle of the Bulge slowed the Allies but did not stop them. While Allied armies advanced on the ground, Allied planes bombed Germany. At night, British airmen dropped tons of bombs on German cities. By day, the Americans bombed factories and oil refineries. The bombing caused severe fuel shortages in Germany and reduced the nation’s ability to produce war goods.
How did the election of mid-1944 go? What did FDR do?
Breaking all tradition, President Roosevelt ran for a fourth term. His Republican opponent was Governor Thomas E. Dewey of New York. he and his running mate, Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri, campaigned strongly. Roosevelt won more than 54 percent of the vote.
What happen to FDR in early april 1945?
In early April 1945, FDR was on vacation in Georgia. While he was sitting to have his portrait painted, the President complained of a headache. Within hours, he was dead.
Desrcibe how Germany surrendered?
By April 1945, Germany was collapsing. American troops were closing in on Berlin from the west. Soviet troops were advancing from the east. On April 25, American and Soviet troops met at Torgau, 60 miles south of Berlin.
As Allied air raids pounded Berlin, Hitler hid in his underground bunker. Unwilling to accept defeat, he committed suicide. One week later, on May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered to the Allies. On May 8, the Allies celebrated the long-awaited V-E Day—Victory in Europe.
What was the US’s 2 main goals in the Pacfic war?
The United States had two main goals in the Pacific war: to regain the Philippines and to invade Japan.
What strategy did American forces use to gain control of the Pacfic ocean and get to Japan?
To gain control of the Pacific Ocean, American forces used a strategy of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others. In this** island-hopping** campaign, each island that was won became another steppingstone to Japan.
How did American forces fight in Japan?
A deadly routine developed. First, American ships and planes shelled and bombed an island. Next, troops waded ashore under heavy gunfire. Then, in hand-to-hand fighting, Americans overcame fierce Japanese resistance.
Who were Navajo soldiers and what did they do?
Navajo soldiers made a key contribution to American strategy in the Pacific. Using their own language, they radioed vital messages from island to island. The Japanese intercepted the messages but were unable to understand these Navajo code-talkers.
