Unit 5: Living Things and their Diversity Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the basic characteristics of living things?
- Movement
- Respiration
- Sensitivity
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Excretion
- Nutrition
These characteristics define the essential functions of all organisms.
Define movement in the context of living organisms.
The ability of an organism or part of an organism to change position or location.
What is respiration in living organisms?
The process by which living organisms convert energy stored in food into usable energy (ATP).
How do living organisms demonstrate sensitivity?
By detecting and responding to stimuli in their environment.
What is the process of growth in living organisms?
The process by which living organisms increase in size and develop over time.
What does reproduction refer to in living organisms?
The biological process by which living organisms produce offspring.
What is excretion in living organisms?
The process by which living organisms remove waste products and harmful substances from their bodies.
Define nutrition in the context of living organisms.
The process by which living organisms obtain and utilize food to grow, maintain their body, and produce energy.
What is classification in biological terms?
The process of organizing or grouping things based on shared characteristics or properties.
Who introduced the modern classification method?
Swedish botanist Karl Linnaeus.
List three reasons why classification is important in science.
- To study relationships between organisms
- To avoid chaos and confusion in naming
- To simplify studying organisms by providing precise names.
What does taxonomy involve?
- Nomenclature (naming the organism)
- Systematic classification (classifying organisms based on similarities and differences).
What is artificial classification?
A system of categorizing organisms based on arbitrary or human-defined characteristics.
What is natural classification?
A system of categorizing organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and shared ancestry.
Describe scientific nomenclature.
A system of naming organisms in a standardized and universally accepted way.
What are the rules for scientific nomenclature?
- The first genus name starts with a capital letter
- The second name is a species name starting with a small letter
- The two names are underlined or italicized.
What is the hierarchical sequence of classification from specific to broader levels?
- Species
- Genus
- Family
- Order
- Class
- Phylum
- Kingdom.
Define species in biological classification.
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What distinguishes vertebrates from invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not.
What are the five classes of vertebrates?
- Fish
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammals.
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?
- Complex organisms
- No chloroplast and cell wall
- Feed by ingestion
- Reproduce sexually and sometimes asexually
- Exhibit locomotion
- Store food as fat and glycogen.
What are the two major categories of plants in the Kingdom Plantae?
- Seedless Plants
- Seed Plants.
What are bryophytes?
Non-vascular, seedless plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.
What is a gymnosperm?
Seed-producing plants whose seeds are not enclosed in fruits.
