Unit 5 Maybe

Question 1

What groups are the 5’ end and 3’ end associated with respectively

Answer 1

The Phosphate group and OH group with the sugar

Question 2

what structure is a purine

Answer 2

two rings (bases are Adenine and Guanine)

Question 3

what structure is a pyrimidines

Answer 3

one ring (bases are Thymine and Cytosine)

Question 4

Semiconservative model

Answer 4

DNA separates into two strands and acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand (parent strand || new strand)

Question 5

Conservative model

Answer 5

DNAs two strands synthesize another two strands (both parental strands || & both new strands ||)

Question 6

Dispersive model

Answer 6

The genetic material of the parent strands and new strands are mixed (both strands are a mix ||)

Question 7

Helicase function

Answer 7

Enzymes that untwist the double helix

Question 8

Single-strand binding protein function

Answer 8

Binds to the unpaired DNA strands keeping them from repairing

Question 9

Primase function

Answer 9

initiates replication by adding primers to the DNA strand (think primase primary step)

Question 10

What is a Primer

Answer 10

a short segment of RNA that’s added to a DNA strand

Question 11

Mismatch repair

Answer 11

When enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides

Question 12

Plasmids

Answer 12

Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from bacterial chromosome

Question 13

Formation of a chromosome

Answer 13

DNA->Wraps around Histone(protein)->Wraps around to form a chromatin->Wraps more to form chromosome

Question 14

Topoisomerase

Answer 14

Enzyme that helps to prevent strain/tension that’s ahead of the replication fork

Question 15

What direction is DNA read in

Answer 15

3’ -> 5’

Question 16

What direction is DNA synthesized in

Answer 16

5’ -> 3’

Question 17

DNA Polymerase 3 (DNAP 3) function

Answer 17

Attaches to the primers and adds the nucleotides onto the new strand of DNA

Question 18

Leading Strand

Answer 18

Characterized by DNAP 3 following helicase and requires only one primer

Question 19

Lagging Strand

Answer 19

Characterized by DNAP 3 moving away from helicase and requires many primers

Question 20

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 20

The chunks of the lagging strand (formed because DNAP 3 moves away from Replication Fork)

Question 21

DNA ligase function

Answer 21

Merges the Okazaki fragments to each other

Question 22

Telomerase function

Answer 22

Enzyme that adds telomeres to DNA

Question 23

Telomeres

Answer 23

Repeating units of short nucleotide sequences (DONT CODE FOR A GENE)

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

Synthesis of RNA using information from DNA (occurs in nucleus)

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

Synthesis of a Protein using information from RNA (occurs in ribosome)

Question 26

mRNA function

Answer 26

Carries information from *DNA to ribosomes* (nucleus->cytoplasm)

Question 27

tRNA function

Answer 27

*Translates* nucleotide sequence into an amino acid sequence

Question 28

rRNA function

Answer 28

Helps to form ribosomes

Question 29

What are the three steps of transcription

Answer 29

Initiation, Elongation, and Termination

Question 30

What is the promotor region called in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 30

TATA box (always upstream of gene)

Question 31

When is transcription initiated (*initiation*)

Answer 31

When RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region (TATA)

Question 32

What does *elongation* do (transcription)

Answer 32

RNA polymerase opens the DNA and reads the triplet code then pairs the complimentary RNA nucleotides

Question 33

How does transcription end (*termination*)

Answer 33

RNA polymerase must transcribe DNA sequence polyadenylation signal sequence (AAUAAA)

Question 34

Intron

Answer 34

an intervening sequence of pre-mRNA (DOESNT CODE FOR AMINO ACID)

Question 35

Exon

Answer 35

an expressed section in pre-mRNA (DOES CODE FOR AMINO ACID)

Question 36

DNA Polymerase (DNAP 1) function

Answer 36

Removes RNA primers and replaces them with the Okazaki fragments