Unit 5 - Mental And Physical Health

Question 1

What is health psychology

Answer 1

A subfield of psychology that explored the impact of psychological, behavioural and cultural factors on health and wellness

Question 2

Define psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 2

The study of how psychological, neural and endocrine processes together affect our immune system and resulting health

Question 3

Define stress

Answer 3

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 4

What are approach or avoidance motives

Answer 4

The drive to move toward (approach) or away from (avoid) a stimulus

Question 5

What are the different approaches of people dealing with stress?

Answer 5

Approach-approach: we have to choose between two desired choices

Avoidance-avoidance: choosing between the lesser of two evils, is a stressful decision-making process

Approach-avoidance: conflicts have both attractive and repelling factors and so the stress comes with having to decide if the benefit is worth the trouble

Question 7

What is general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 7

(GAS), selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three parts— alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 8

What is the tend-and-befriend response

Answer 8

Under stress, people (especially women) may nurture themselves and others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 9

Who identified the role of fight or flight and the sympathetic nervous system in feeling with stress

Answer 9

Walter cannon

Question 10

What did Hans Selye do

Answer 10

He discovered the adaptive response of the body is generic to any type or stressor and responses will be similar to both physical and psychological sources of stress

Question 11

How does the endocrine system play a role in stress responses

Answer 11

By releasing cortisol, a stress hormone

Question 12

What are the three stages of Selya’s adaption syndrome

Answer 12

The alarm stage: body prepared to fight back by mobilizing resources using the sympathetic nervous system

The resistance stage: bodily recourses maintain high levels to meet the challenge for a lengthy period of time. But the bodies recourses dwindle as time passes

The exhaustion stage: a state where we are more susceptible to illness, collapse, or even death

Question 13

What is coronary heart disease

Answer 13

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; a leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 14

What’s type A

Answer 14

A Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 15

What is type B

Answer 15

Friend man and rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 16

Define coping

Answer 16

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive or behavioural methods

Question 17

What is problem-focused coping

Answer 17

Attempting to alleviate stress directly—by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 19

What is emotion-focused coping

Answer 19

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring the stressor and attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction

Question 20

Define personal control

Answer 20

Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Question 21

What is learned helplessness

Answer 21

The hopelessness and passive resignation humans and other animals learn when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 22

Define external locus of control

Answer 22

The perception that outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 23

Define internal locus of control

Answer 23

The perception that we control our own fate

Question 24

What is the paradox of choice

Answer 24

Having so many choices that the information overload and increased feelings of regret

Question 25

What are Julian Rotters two main styles of personal control

Answer 25

Internal locus of control and external locus of control

Question 26

Define self-control

Answer 26

The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Question 27

What is positive psychology

Answer 27

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of promoting strengths and virtues that foster well-being, resilience and positive emotions and that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 28

Define subjective well-being

Answer 28

Self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life

Question 29

What’s the feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 29

People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood

Question 30

What’s the adaption level phenomenon

Answer 30

Our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 31

Define relative deprivation

Answer 31

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Question 32

What’s the broaden and build theory

Answer 32

Proposes that positive emotions broaden our awareness, which over time helps us build novel and meaningful skills and resilience that improve wellbeing

Question 33

What are character strengths and virtues

Answer 33

A classification system to identify positive traits; organized into categories of wisdom, courage, humanity, justice, temperance and transcendence

Question 34

Define resilience

Answer 34

The personal strength that helps people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

Question 35

What is aerobic exercise

Answer 35

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 36

Define mindfulness mediation

Answer 36

A reflective practice in which people attend to current experience in a nonjudgmental and accepting manner

Question 37

Define gratitude

Answer 37

An appreciative emotion people often experience when they benefit from others actions or recognize their own good fortune

Question 38

Define psychological disorder

Answer 38

A disturbance in people’s thoughts, emotions or behaviours that cause distress or suffering and impairs their daily lives Maladaptive - doesn’t properly help you adapt to everyday life

Question 39

What’s the medial model

Answer 39

The concept that diseases— in this case, psychological disorders— have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

Question 40

What’s the diathesis-stress model

Answer 40

The concept that genetic predispositions (diathesis) combine with environmental stressors (stress) to influence psychological disorder

Question 41

Definitely epigenetics

Answer 41

The study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without DNA change)

Question 42

What is DSM-5-TR

Answer 42

The American psychiatric associations diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. It’s a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders