Unit 5 part 1 Flashcards
5 areas in the Psychological variable
- emotions
- cognition and perception
- self-concept (self-esteem, body image, self-ideal)
- sexuality
- self identity
define affect regulation according to ramsden
the ability to maintain or increase positive feelings to minimize or regulate stress feelings
define affect regulation according to Thompson
the process responsible foe monitoring, evaluating and modifying the emotional reactions to accomplish one’s goals
considered a type of emotional resilience
sometimes called emotional regulation or self-regulation
what is affect regulation
- may be automatic, or involve purposeful cognitive processing
- requires emotional awareness and awareness of social context of emotions
define affect dysregulation according to Dvir, Ford, Hill & Frazier
the impaired ability to regulate or tolerate negative emotional states
affect dysregulation most associated with?
Affect-dysregulation (emotional dysregulation) most associated with borderline personality disorder, but also mood disorders (depression+bipolar), anxiety disorders and sometimes in psychosis
how does trauma influence affect dysregulation according to Dvir et al
- childhood adversity connected to increased reactivity to stress & decreased capacity for emotional regulation in children and often maintained in adulthood
- severity of PTS symptoms correlated with emotional dysregulation
- mediating factor between sexual trauma hx and revictimization
- trauma survivors often react more intensely to stimuli and have less ability to calm themselves
- defects in self-soothing and affect regulation are often connected to lack of secure attachment in childhood
hyperarousal indicators from affect dysregulation following trauma
- emotions are easily triggered
- hypervigilance
- psychomotor agitation
- sensitive to rejection
- overwhelmed emotionally
hypoarousal indicators from affect dysregulation following trauma
- flat affect
- emotional numbing, detachment
- passive, submissive
- avoidant, withdrawn
- feeling disconnected from body
according to Dvir et al. childhood traumatization and psychiatric comorbidites can look like ?
in children
- restricted play
- social withdrawal
- social anxiety
- difficulties in school
- oppositional-defiant disorder
- ADHD
- PTSD
according to Dvir et al. childhood traumatization and psychiatric comorbidites can look like ?
in adults
- depressive disorders
- high-risk behaviours
- substance abuse
- revictimization
- PTSD
- BPD
according to Dvir et al. emotional regulation can be seen as
- a developmental task which is highly influenced by the ability to form secure attachments
Schore & Schore “modern attachment theory” - REGULATION THEORY
- the ability to manage emotional states depends upon successful attachment
- considers the impact of attachment on brain development and the neurobiological systems involved in processing emotions, modulating stress, and self-regulation
Schore & Schore “modern attachment theory” - REGULATION THEORY: affect regulation
- affect regulation begins with interrelation: soothing, consistent nurturance from caretakers.
- thru the experience of modelling, neurological imprinting, and learned behaviour, this gets introjected by the child and leads to auto-regulation
affect regulation theory: implications for treatment
- attachment theory tells us the quality of early attachment between child and caregiver will influence development and future relationships
- Regulation theory takes ^ this and adds the neurological imprinting :
- we now further understand the influence of attachment on brain development and that affect regulation is learned in the context of attachment
how does trauma affect self-concept
- following a traumatic event, the person develops beliefs about the event and about themselves in relation to the event
- cognitive appraisal of the event is critical to the trauma response
- it is common for ppl to internalize core beliefs or negative assumptions of the self as being “unlovable” or “incompetent” which impacts self-perception and self-esteem
- e.g., child believing if they make a mistake they are worthless as consequence of ongoing abuse whenever the child makes a mistake
Brene Brown’s view on trauma and shame
“the intensely painful feeling that we are unworthy of love and belonging”
- we measure guilt & shame on how people’s inner self-talk
- shame is highly correlated with addiction, depression, ED, violence, bullying & aggression
- Shame can’t exist with empathy – sharing your story can help you heal
according to Brene Brown, to unpack shame we need to know the difference between shame and guilt, what is the difference?
- shame = “I am bad” (focus on self)
- guilt = “I did something bad” (focus on behaviour)
according to Brene Brown, how do we create high levels of resilience toward shame
- change self-talk; talk to yourself like you would a loved one: its okay, you’re human, people make mistakes, its going to be okay, I love you
according to Scoliosis et al. what are components and findings of self-compassion
- self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness
- a way of internalizing the compassion of an imagined other
- associated with resilience and general wellbeing
- negatively associated with maladaptive states and behaviours, as well as psychiatric symptoms, PTSD symptom severity, emotion dysrgulation
- can enhance emotional regulation
- emotional dsyregulation mediated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and self-compassion and affected the relationship between self-compassion and resilience
trauma & the impact on attention & consciousness:
what is dissociation according to the DSM5
- “a disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment”
- results in losing touch with ones surroundings, losing time
- an adaptive response to traumatic experiences &/or their associated memories BUT can become MALADAPTIVE when it is triggered by a “false alarm”
- occurs on a continuum
trauma & the impact on attention & consciousness:
what is depersonalization
- the sense of being detached from one’s own mental processes or body
- sometimes accompanied by derealization (the sense that the environment is unreal)
- similar to dissociation, it is thought to serve as a means of escape from stressful or traumatic realities
- occurs on a continuum (e.g., vague sense of not feeling connected to one’s bodily experiences/emotions to not recognizing oneself in the mirror
- “I feel like a robot”
- depersonalization disorder may be especially linked to emotional abuse
how does Dr. Frank Ochberg describe PTSD& dissociation
- disassociation is a break in reality, can happen from PTSD
- disassociation can be thought of as a defence mechanism
- dissociative fugue = disassociating while driving or travelling in car
