Unit 5: Secondary needs

Question 1

What is a need?

Answer 1

Any condition inherent to the person
-> essential for life, development and well-being

Question 2

What happens when needs are cared for and met and what happens when they are neglected?

Answer 2

met: well-being maintained and enhanced
neglected: disrupts physical and psychological well-being

Question 3

What do people often seek in their lifes?

Answer 3

enjoyment, fulfillment and growth

Question 4

What do psychological needs urge us to do and what is their ultimate goal?

Answer 4

urge us to explore, learn and seek challenges
-> emotional growth and satisfaction

Question 5

Why are psychological needs considered organic?

Answer 5

organism: living and active subject in interaction with the environment
-> dialectic interaction between person and environment

Question 6

What’s the main difference between physiological and psychological needs?

Answer 6

physiological: based on biological deficiencies
psychological: based on growth needs

Question 7

What is self-determination?

Answer 7

autonomy
-> behaviour autonomous when interests, preferences and desires guide decision-making process

Question 8

Which are the experiential qualitites that define autonomy?

Answer 8

Perceived locus of causality: chat’s the causal source of motivated actions (internal vs external)
Volition: free willingness to engage
Perceived choice: sense of choice > obligation

Question 9

Does simply offering a choice guarantee autonomy?

Answer 9

no, if choices dont reflect values

Question 10

What is autonomy support?

Answer 10

a interpersonal tone of understanding

Question 11

What is autonomy controlling?

Answer 11

an interpersonal tone of pressure

Question 12

What is competence?

Answer 12

need to interact effectively with the environment
-> reflects desire to exercise and master skills
-> generates motivation to develop skills

Question 13

What are key environmental events involving the need for competence?

Answer 13

optimal challenge
high structure
high tolerance for failure

Question 14

What’s flow?

Answer 14

psychological state characterised by maximum enjoyment and intense concentration
-> arises when challenge and ability are high

Question 15

What’s necessary to satisfy the need for competence?

Answer 15

positive feedback
perception of progress

Question 16

What’s relatedness?

Answer 16

need to establish close emotional ties with others
mere interaction with others enough to activate need for relatedness

Question 17

How do you satisfy the need for relatedness?

Answer 17

confirm that social ties involve interest and affection

Question 18

Why is relatedness with others important?

Answer 18

supports internalisation:
-> process by which a person adopts the beliefs, values and behaviours of others

Question 19

How are social needs different from physiological and psychological needs?

Answer 19

they are learnt
-> emerge and change over time
-> once acquired: experienced as emotional and behavioural potentials activated in response to situations

Question 20

What does the need for acheivement cause us to do?

Answer 20

seek success in competition with a standard of excellence
-> situation that ends in success or failure

Question 21

What can achievement situations involve?

Answer 21

competing with oneself, others or a specific task

Question 22

What is the difference between people with a high/ low need for achievement when facing a challenge?

Answer 22

high: respond with approach-oriented emotions (pride)
low: respond with avoidance-oriented emotions (anxiety)

Question 23

What is affiliation and what is it connected with?

Answer 23

the desire to establish, maintain or restore positive affective relationships with others
Need for approval & need for intimacy

Question 24

What do people with a high need for affiliation often experience?

Answer 24

anxiety in relationships
-> need constant approval and emotional security
-> feeling dependent

Question 25

What do people with a high need for power do?

Answer 25

seek to establish, maintain and expand control and influence on others
-> experience strong positive emotions when they can exert influence

Question 26

Does a high need for power contribute to the success of the group?

Answer 26

not necessarily
-> less good decisions due to lack of consideration of alternatives & information sharing

Question 27

What are quasi-needs?

Answer 27

transitory
-> disappear once situational demand is satisfied