unit 5 sucks

Question 1

agribuisness

Answer 1

commercial agriculture is characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry

Question 2

aquaculture

Answer 2

cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions

Question 3

cash crop

Answer 3

crops grown for profit instead of human consumption

Question 4

bid rent theory

Answer 4

the closer to an urban center the more expensive the land is

Question 5

cereal grains

Answer 5

grass that yields grain for food

Question 6

clustered rural settlement pattern

Answer 6

rural settlement in which houses and farm buildings are situated close to each other fields and surround the settlement

Question 7

Columbian exchange

Answer 7

exchange of food ideas and disease between the 2 hemispheres

Question 8

commodity

Answer 8

material that can be sold or bought

Question 9

commodity chain (supply chain/value chain)

Answer 9

people materials and ideas move to make a finished product shipped to consumer

Question 10

community-supported agriculture(csa)

Answer 10

stonks

Question 11

crop rotation

Answer 11

rotating what plants are planted on a plot of land to prevent nutrient loss

Question 12

deforestation

Answer 12

cutting down forests for greedy capitalist reasons

Question 13

desertification

Answer 13

degradation of land most especially in semiarid regions because of human activity

Question 14

dispersed rural settlement pattern

Answer 14

rural settlement characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

Question 15

double cropping

Answer 15

cropping 2x a year

Question 16

domestication

Answer 16

taming an animal and then breeding out desirable characteristics

Question 17

economies of scale

Answer 17

savings in cost due to increased production

Question 18

extensive farming practices

Answer 18

small inputs of labor fertilizer and capital relative to land being farmed

Question 19

factory farm

Answer 19

farm maximizing profits whilst using least amount of resources

Question 20

fair trade (in agriculture)

Answer 20

concept in developing countries to help create sustainability

Question 21

fallow

Answer 21

land is left to rest to regain nutrients

Question 22

family farm

Answer 22

usually, a subsistence, characterized by family ownership and relatively low output

Question 23

farm subsidies

Answer 23

the governmental subsidy paid to farmers to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence cost

Question 24

feedlot

Answer 24

plot of land used to fatten up livestock

Question 25

fertile crescent

Answer 25

a region smack dab in between 2 rivers

Question 26

fertilizer

Answer 26

chemical used to make plants grow better

Question 27

food desert

Answer 27

area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food

Question 28

food security/insecurity

Answer 28

physical social and economic access to food at all times

Question 29

green revolution

Answer 29

using science, crops were able to increase yield sizes, which needed more water and fertilizer. Also yay dwarf wheat/rice

Question 30

GMOs

Answer 30

Genetically modified organisms

Question 31

hybridization

Answer 31

breeding 2 organisms together for an intended result

Question 32

intensive farming practices

Answer 32

smaller land holdings and requires large amounts of labor

Question 33

irrigation

Answer 33

watering plants

Question 34

linear rural settlement pattern

Answer 34

rural settlement clustered around a road, river, or dike

Question 35

long-lot survey

Answer 35

narrow land plots with access to a river

Question 36

maize(corn)

Answer 36

cereal grain is mostly grown for livestock and biofuel

Question 37

market gardening

Answer 37

small scale production of fruits vegetables and flowers

Question 38

metes and bounds survey

Answer 38

real estate measured by natural landmarks

Question 39

milkshed

Answer 39

distance milk can be transported without spoiling

Question 40

mixed crop/livestock

Answer 40

crops and livestock grown on the same farm, usually the crops are fed to the livestock because farms like money

Question 41

monoculture

Answer 41

cultivation of a single crop

Question 42

neolithic revolution(1st agricultural revolution)

Answer 42

when humans first learned to grow plants and not rely entirely on hunting

Question 43

organic food production

Answer 43

no artificial colors, pesticides, GMOs, or hormones

Question 44

overgrazing

Answer 44

animals eat too much

Question 45

paddy

Answer 45

Malay word for wet rice and now increasingly used to describe a flooded food)

Question 46

pastoral nomadism(and interferences with it

Answer 46

subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

Question 47

pesticide

Answer 47

the chemical sprayed to kill/discourage animals/plants/disease from ruining everything

Question 48

plantation

Answer 48

farms that usually plant cash crops

Question 49

polder

Answer 49

land created by draining water from an area

Question 50

ranching

Answer 50

raising herds on large plots of land

Question 51

rectangular survey

Answer 51

plotting in US consisting of grid made of rectangles

Question 52

second agricultural revolution

Answer 52

industrialization of farming

Question 53

selective breeding

Answer 53

selecting what traits go and which ones go away

Question 54

shifting cultifvation

Answer 54

also slash and burn, burning biomass to fertilize the ground

Question 55

soil salinization

Answer 55

level of water-soluble salts accumulate to a point where it's detrimental to crops

Question 56

specialty farming

Answer 56

crops cultivated for food, medicine, or aesthetics

Question 57

subsidy (with us government)

Answer 57

financial grants given to private farms to stimulate economic activity

Question 58

subsistence agriculture

Answer 58

farming with little surplus

Question 59

suburbanization

Answer 59

growth and spatial reorganization of a city

Question 60

supply chain

Answer 60

system of organization people technology activities information and resources that turn resources to a finished products delivered to end consumer

Question 61

sustainability

Answer 61

farming without depleting resources/land

Question 62

swidden

Answer 62

land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation

Question 63

terracing

Answer 63

form land into steps usually for rice farming

Question 64

township and range survey

Answer 64

rectangular blocks 6 square miles

Question 65

transhumance

Answer 65

moving livestock from 1 grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle

Question 66

urbanization

Answer 66

making an area more urban

Question 67

vertical integration

Answer 67

single entity controls the entire process of a product

Question 68

von thunen model

Answer 68

cirles proposed by a german man to solve some problems

Question 69

what is the von thunen model trying to show

Answer 69

how distance affects what crops are grown

Question 70

what are the rings on the von thunen model

Answer 70

urban center/market,intensive farming/dairy, forests, crops, ranching

Question 71

what are the factors that contribute to where land use falls into various rings

Answer 71

transportation cost and perishability of materials

Question 72

why land use in each ring

Answer 72

money

Question 73

what did the model not include

Answer 73

modern agricultural/industrial techniques

Question 74

waterlogging of soil

Question 75

Whittlesey's 11 agricultural regions

Answer 75

classification of land based on climate and soil

Question 76

what factors lead to Whittlesey dividing land use types

Answer 76

what the soil is good for and what the climate can support

Question 77

what are Whittlesey's 11 regions( are they subsistence or commercial, intensive or extensive, in developing/developed)

Answer 77

little/no agricultural, pastoral nomadism, intensive cultivation(wet rice dominant or not), shifting cultivation, plantation|mixed livestock & crop, dairying, grain, livestock ranching, Mediterranean farming, Commercial gardening