Unit 5 Test Review

Question 1

Well-known as an inventor and scientist who invented the telephone in 1876 which impacted communication technology during this period

Answer 1

Alexander Graham Bell

Question 2

Well-known as an inventor who developed the light bulb and phonograph and improved the early technology of motion pictures

Answer 2

Thomas Edison

Question 3

His efforts to lower costs and undersell competition made his steel mills the most modern in the world. By 1900, his steel was cheap and it allowed more bridges and skyscrapers to be affordably built. Played major role in steel industry

Answer 3

Andrew Carnegie

Question 4

He founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870 and ran it until 1897 and remained its largest shareholder. He controlled 90% of all oil in the U.S.

Answer 4

John D. Rockefeller

Question 5

Served as the 8th governor of California from 1862 to 1863 and represented the state in the U.S. senate from 1885 until 1893. He also founded Stanford university, named after his son

Answer 5

Leland Stanford

Question 6

One of the most powerful bankers of his era. He financed railroads and organized U.S. steel, general, and other major corporations

Answer 6

J.P. Morgan

Question 7

The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace

Answer 7

Bessemer Process

Question 8

Used by industrialists like John D. Rockefeller who used it to consolidate the oil industry and eliminate competition. The strategy led to fewer companies controlling larger portions of the market, resulting in higher prices for consumers due to reduced competition

Answer 8

Horizontal Integration

Question 9

A strategy where the person or business controls the entire supply chain of an industry. It allowed companies to control every step of a products supply chain and gave companies power over prices and competition

Answer 9

Vertical Integration

Question 10

Socio-political ideology that applied Charles Darwins theory of “survival of the fittest” to human societies, justifying economic inequality and racism

Answer 10

Social Darwinism

Question 11

Philosophy by industrialist Andrew Carnegie that argued that wealthy individuals had a moral responsibility to use their money to benefit society by funding philanthropy and donation

Answer 11

Gospel of Wealth

Question 12

A group of companies acting together as one. They were bound by a legal agreement and worked to reduce competition in an industry

Answer 12

Trusts

Question 13

The head of the Knights of Labor in the late 1880s it became the nation’s first successful trade union organization he put the worker’s needs first for the first time in U.S. history

Answer 13

Terence Powderly

Question 14

Founded the American federation of labor (AFL) and served as the organizations president from 1886 to 1894 and promoted harmony among different unions

Answer 14

Samuel Gompers

Question 15

He was an American socialist leader who created the social democratic party of America and received nearly 1 million votes for president while he was imprisoned in jail. In the court case, the court found that he intentionally obstructed the draft and military recruitment.

Answer 15

Eugene Victor Debs

Question 16

Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886 and represented only skilled laborers and it was the first attempt in the U.S. to organize a national federation of labor

Answer 16

National Labor Union

Question 17

Founded as a secret society of tailors in Philadelphia in 1869 and played a key role in the great railroad strike of 1877

Answer 17

Knights of Labor

Question 18

Founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1886 by an alliance of craft unions eager to provide mutual support and disappointed in the Knights of Labor

Answer 18

American Federation of Labor

Question 19

Violent confrontation between police and labour protestors in Chicago that dramatized the labour movements struggle for recognition

Answer 19

Haymarket Riot

Question 20

A bloody confrontation between workers of Carnegie Steel Company and the hired security guards, ultimately killing people and causing many injuries

Answer 20

Homestead Strike

Question 21

Widespread railroad strikes and boycott severely disrupted rail traffic in the midwest of the U.S. in 1894

Answer 21

Pullman Strike

Question 22

A way for farmers, mostly blacks, to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value of anticipated harvests.

Answer 22

Crop-lien system

Question 23

A propaganda term where Henry Grady urged the south to abandon its agrarian economy for a modern economy in factories, mines, and mills

Answer 23

“New South”

Question 24

American politician who leaned toward agrarian radicalism

Answer 24

James Weaver

Question 25

State laws passed in the late 1860s and early 1970s regulating the fees grain elevator companies and railroads charged farmers to store and transport their crops

Answer 25

Granger Laws

Question 26

Populist leader and orator who ran unsuccessfully 3 times for the U.S. president

Answer 26

William Jennings Bryan

Question 27

Speech delivered by Williams Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform

Answer 27

Cross of Gold

Question 28

Peaked in the 1840s and 1850s and brought hundreds of thousands of new immigrants from northern and western Europe, primarily Irish and german Catholics

Answer 28

Second wave of immigration

Question 29

Socio-political policy in the 1800s favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants from eastern Europe and Asian nations

Answer 29

Nativism

Question 30

These were established in American cities in response to an influx of European immigrants as well as the urban poverty brought about by industrialization and exploitative labor practices

Answer 30

Settlement houses

Question 31

It provided a religious rationale for action to address those concerns

Answer 31

Social Gospel

Question 32

American politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany Hall (the democratic party's political machine that played a major role in the politics of the 19th century)

Answer 32

William "Boss" Tweed

Question 33

A law that gave the U.S. citizens 160 acres of public land to farm and was passed during the civil war to encourage economic growth and develop the American west

Answer 33

Homestead Act

Question 34

It set aside federal lands to create colleges to "benefit the agricultural and mechanical arts."

Answer 34

Morrill Land Grant Act

Question 35

Event where men and women rushed to claim homesteads or to purchase lots in one of the many new towns that sprang into existence overnight

Answer 35

Oklahoma Land Rush

Question 36

One of the most significant mining discoveries in American history which was made in Nevada. The discovery of gold and silver drew people in and the town of Virginia city was created almost overnight.

Answer 36

Comstock Lode

Question 37

Connected the existing U.S. rail networks to the West Coast and became the first continuous railroad line across the U.S. It opened the way for settlement of the west, provided new economic opportunities, and stimulated the development of town and communities

Answer 37

Transcontinental Railroad

Question 38

A native american chief who united the Sioux tribes of the American great plains against the white settlers taking their tribal land

Answer 38

Sitting Bull

Question 39

Leader of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce Tribe who became famous in 1877 for leading his people on an epic flight across the rocky mountains

Answer 39

Chief Joseph

Question 40

American Indian spiritual movement, began in Nevada, and was an expression of rebirth and renewal using the traditional native American circle dance

Answer 40

Ghost Dance

Question 41

A 71 day protest in 1973 by members of the American Indian movement and started over a dispute with the Oglagala Lakota Tribe's chariman

Answer 41

Wounded Knee

Question 42

The government forcibly relocated native american tribes onto designated tracts of land called reservations

Answer 42

Reservation System

Question 43

Passed in 1887 under Grover Cleveland and allowed the federal government to break up tribal lands

Answer 43

Dawes Severalty Act

Question 44

American poet and writer who became an activist through her advocacy for native american rights, through her book

Answer 44

Helen Hunt Jackson

Question 45

The period from the end of reconstruction to the turn of the century and is known for its economic growth, technological advancements, and political corruption

Answer 45

Gilded Age

Question 46

Led the union armies to victory over the confederacy in the american civil war and was later elected 18th president of U.S.

Answer 46

Ulysses S. Grant

Question 47

German-born political cartoonist who gave America some of its most enduring symbols: Republican elephants, Democratic donkey, and Uncle Sam

Answer 47

Thomas Nast

Question 48

Unwritten political deal in the U.S. to settle the intense dispute over the results of the 1876 presidential election

Answer 48

Compromise of 1877

Question 49

Term used during American election campaigns during the reconstruction era to avenge the blood of soldiers who died in the civil war

Answer 49

"Waving the bloody shirt"

Question 50

The 20th president of the U.S. and had the 2nd shortest tenure in U.S. presidential history

Answer 50

James Garfield

Question 51

Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils systems while the half-breeds were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system

Answer 51

Stalwarts vs. Half-Breeds

Question 52

This act provided that federal government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and that government employees be selected through competitive exams

Answer 52

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Question 53

An american political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active from 1874 to 1889

Answer 53

Greenback Labor Party

Question 54

Introduced by Richard Bland and reinstated the silver dollar as legal currency and mandated that the U.S. treasury buy $2 mil to $4 mil of silver each month

Answer 54

Bland-Allison Act

Question 55

The first democrat to win election to the presidency after the civil war and the first of two U.S. presidents to serve nonconsecutive terms

Answer 55

Grover Cleveland

Question 56

A piece of legislation that significantly raised import duties on various goods

Answer 56

McKinley Tariff

Question 57

Supreme court case that upheld a Louisiana state law that allowed for "equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races."

Answer 57

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 58

Born into slavery and rose to become a leading african american intellectual of the 19th century and found the National Negro Business League

Answer 58

Booker T. Washington

Question 59

A prominent African American scholar, activist, and writer, advocating for civil rights and racial equality through his influential works and cofounded the NAACP

Answer 59

W.E.B. DuBois

Question 60

This act gave an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States

Answer 60

Chinese Exclusion Act

Question 61

Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program reflected his goals: Conservation of natural resources, corporate law, and consumer protection

Answer 61

"The 3 C's"

Question 62

Made the decision to enter war and had great leadership during WW1

Answer 62

Woodrow Wilson

Question 63

Phrase used by Woodrow Wilson and included high tariffs, powerful banking interests, and large industrial monpolies

Answer 63

“Triple Wall of Privilege”

Question 64

This amendment granted women the right to vote

Answer 64

19th Amendment

Question 65

A group that became one of the largest and most influential women's groups of the 19th century by expanding its platform to campaign for labor laws, prison reform, and suffrage

Answer 65

WCTU (Womens Christian Temperance Union)

Question 66

Prohibited the production, transport, and sale of alcohol

Answer 66

18th Amendment

Question 67

Amendment that required the direct election of U.S. senators by the botes of the states

Answer 67

17th Amendment

Question 68

In this case, the court overturned its 1879 decision allowing states to regulate railroads

Answer 68

Wabash Case/Munn v. Illinois

Question 69

The first federal act that outlawed monopolistic business practices

Answer 69

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Question 70

Banned the practices of price discrimination and anti-competitive mergers and declared strikes, boycotts, and labor unions legal under federal law

Answer 70

Clayton Anti-trust Act

Question 71

Granted congress the authority to issue an income tax without having to determine it based on population

Answer 71

16th Amendment

Question 72

A decentralized central bank that balanced the competing interests of private banks and populist sentiment

Answer 72

Federal Reserve Act

Question 73

U.S. naval officer and historian who was the most important american strategist of the 19th century

Answer 73

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Question 74

Proclaimed that the U.S. would not establish permanent control over Cuba

Answer 74

Teller Amendment

Question 75

An amendment which established the terms under which the U.S. would end its military occupation of Cuba

Answer 75

Platt Amendment

Question 76

Stated that the U.S. would intervene as a last resort to ensure that other nations in the western hemisphere fufilled their obligations to international creditors

Answer 76

Roosevelt Corollary

Question 77

A method of negotiating where it is approached peacefully, but recognizing the possible need for force

Answer 77

“big stick diplomacy”

Question 78

Policy that called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity

Answer 78

Open Door Policy

Question 79

Designed as guidelines for the rebuilding of the postwar world

Answer 79

Fourteen Points

Question 80

He supported the war effort against Spain and beleived that the U.S. should assist the Cuban people in their struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule

Answer 80

Henry Cabot Lodge

Question 81

Laws passed during WW1 to suppress dissent and protect the war efforts

Answer 81

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Question 82

The supreme court invented the famous "clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit an individuals free speech rights under the first amendment

Answer 82

Schenck v. U.S.

Question 83

Signed by the Germany and allied nations in 1919 and formally ended WW1

Answer 83

Treaty of Versailles

Question 84

A group of U.S. senators who opposed the treaty of Versailles and league of nations

Answer 84

Irreconcilables