Unit 5 : "The Dirty Unit"

Question 1

What is Agriculture?

Answer 1

the cultivation of plants and animals for economic growth or survival going back 10,000 years( can be +/-)

Question 2

What is Domestication?

Answer 2

a deliberate effort to raise plants and animals for human use (manipulation of breeding process)

Question 3

What are Climate Regions?

Answer 3

areas with similar climate patterns

Question 4

What is Mediterranean Agriculture?

Answer 4

an ideal climate for cultivation – warm summers & rainy winters (olives and grapes)

Question 5

What is Temperate Agriculture?

Answer 5

has a long growing season with significant rainfall and humidity(wheat, corn, rice)

Question 6

What is Tropical Agriculture?

Answer 6

region north/south of the equator with abundant rainfall (bananas, sugar, cocoa)

Question 7

What is Subsistence Agriculture?

Answer 7

growing and raising of diverse crops and livestock for consumption

Question 8

What is Commercial Agriculture?

Answer 8

growing and raising livestock to sell for profit

Question 9

What is Planned Agriculture?

Answer 9

associated within communist controlled states - gov. decides on goods

Question 10

What is the Bid-Rent Theory?

Answer 10

land prices and labor vary based on distance from cities

Question 11

What is Intensive Agriculture?

Answer 11

large amounts of input to get as much product (resources, labor, land, capital)

Question 12

What is Extensive Agriculture?

Answer 12

low input of capital = less output

Question 13

Who are Hunters and Gatherers?

Answer 13

nomadic groups(constantly moving) ate plants and small animals/fish (foragers)

Question 14

What is an Agricultural Hearth?

Answer 14

where different groups began to originally domesticate plants and animals (starting 10,000 years ago)

Question 15

What the the Fertile Crescents?

Answer 15

Southwest Asia, near Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, earliest Hearth (others are SE Asia, Ancient China, Central America, East Africa)

Question 16

What is Mobility?

Answer 16

people move (flow of ideas)

Question 17

What is Relocation Diffusion?

Answer 17

migration of people with their ideas

Question 18

What is Stimulus Diffusion?

Answer 18

ideas change with new innovations or modifications

Question 19

What is trade?

Answer 19

people buy and sell goods

Question 20

What is the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 20

the exchange of goods and ideas between the Americas, Europe, and Africa( post columbus- in 1492)

Question 21

What was the 1st AG Revolution?

Answer 21

10k years ago - shift from FORAGING to DOMESTICATION

Question 22

What does Sedentary mean?

Answer 22

staying in one place (non-nomadic)

Question 23

What was the 2nd AG Revolution?

Answer 23

early 1700s - started in the region around modern day Britain w/ more growth

Question 24

What was the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 24

17-1800s - more workers, more innovations, demand for goods ,better transportation

Question 25

What was the #rd AG Revolution?

Answer 25

early 20th century (continues)-better machines and better fertilizers

Question 26

What do Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) do?

Answer 26

better taste, look, shelf life, size, more resistant (bugs)

Question 27

What is the Green Revolution?

Answer 27

American Norman Borlaug introduced new forms of G to poor countries (post-WWII)

Question 28

What is Agribusiness?

Answer 28

large-scale farming; production, processing, and distribution

Question 29

Statistic: farmers today produce 262% more food with 2% fewer input than 1950

Question 30

What is Vertical Integration?

Answer 30

a company controls multiple aspects of the business

Question 31

What is Horizontal Integration?

Answer 31

several companies work together

Question 32

What is a Commodity Chain?

Answer 32

a linked system of production levels (from growth to distribution)

Question 33

What are Subsides?

Answer 33

gov. steps in to increase or decrease supply to help manipulate prices

Question 34

What is Globalization?

Answer 34

interconnected trade of commodities( dependent upon others: imports/exports)

Question 35

What is a Cash Crop?

Answer 35

when a country depends on one good as their main export(single source of income)(related to mono cropping)

Question 36

What is Fair Trade?

Answer 36

a modern movement to CERTIFY forms that are labor, animal and environmentally friendly

Question 37

What is an Agricultural Landscape?

Answer 37

an ecosystem that has been modified for farming use

Question 38

What is Deforestation?

Answer 38

loss of forest lands

Question 39

What is Terracing?

Answer 39

carving parts of a hill or mountain side into level growing plots

Question 40

What are Reserviors?

Answer 40

artificial likes built by damming rivers

Question 41

What is Desertification?

Answer 41

soil degradation (becuz of mono cropping)

Question 42

What is Biotechnology?

Answer 42

science of altering living organisms, often through genetic modification

Question 43

What is Agricultural Biodiversity?

Answer 43

variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms

Question 44

What are Pesticides?

Answer 44

man-made chemicals used to kill pests, weeds, and fungi on crops

Question 45

What is Organic Agriculture?

Answer 45

healthier forms of farming (like crop rotation)

Question 46

What is Food Security?

Answer 46

reliable access to safe, nutritious food that can support a healthy and active lifestyle

Question 47

What is Food Insecurity?

Answer 47

disruption of a household's food intake or eating patterns because of poor access to food