Unit 5 Vocab

Question 1

Economic activity involving the processing of raw materials and their transformation into finished industrial products the manufacturing sector

Answer 1

Secondary economy activity

Question 2

Economic activity associated with the provision of services such as transportation banking retailing education and routine office based jobs

Answer 2

Tertiary economic activity

Question 3

Service sector industries concerned with the collection processing and manipulation of information and capital. Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal services

Answer 3

Quarternary economic activity

Question 4

Service sector industries that require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill. Examples include scientific research and high level management

Answer 4

Quinary economic activity

Question 5

Genetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention

Answer 5

Plant domestication

Question 6

Crops that are reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cutting from the plants

Answer 6

Root crops

Question 7

Crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants

Answer 7

Seed crops

Question 9

Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs

Answer 9

Organic agriculture

Question 10

The purpose tending of crops and livestock in order to produce food and fiber

Answer 10

Agriculture

Question 11

Economic activity concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment such as mining, fishing, lumbering, and especially agriculture

Answer 11

Primary economic activity

Question 12

Dating back 10,000 years this revolution was the first time in recorded history in which human beings achieved plant and animal domestication

Answer 12

First agricultural revolution

Question 13

Genetic modification of an animal such that it is rendered more tolerant in regards to human control

Answer 13

Animal domestication

Question 14

Self-sufficient agriculture that is small scale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption not for trade

Answer 14

Subsistence farming

Question 15

Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland. Also know as slash and burn agriculture

Answer 15

Shifting cultivation

Question 16

Cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which the forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning. These clearings are usually abandoned after a few years in favor of newly cleared forestland. Also know as slash and burn agriculture

Answer 16

Slash and burn farming

Question 17

Explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy. A process of spatial competition allocates various farming activities into rings around a central market city, with profit-earning capability the determining force in how far a crop locates from the market

Answer 17

Von thunen model

Question 18

Currently in process this agricultural revolution is closely linked to the development, distribution, and implementation of GMOs

Answer 18

Third agricultural revolution

Question 19

The recently successful development of higher yield, fast growing varieties of rice and other cereals in certain developing countries which lead to increased production per unit area and a dramatic narrowing of the gap between population growth and food needs

Answer 19

Green revolution

Question 20

Crops that carry new traits that have been inserted through advanced genetic engineering methods

Answer 20

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

Question 21

Also called the Public Land Survey the system was used by the U.S. land office survey to parcel land west of the Appalachian mountains. The system divides land into a series of rectangular parcels

Answer 21

Rectangular survey system

Question 22

A rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmland of the U.S. interior

Answer 22

Township and range system

Question 23

A system of land surveying east of hte Appalachian Mountains. It is a system that relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees. Because of the imprecise nature of metes and bounds surveying the U.S. land office survey abandoned the technique in favor of the rectangular survey system

Answer 23

Metes and bounds system

Question 24

Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian maritimes parts of Quebec Louisiana and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers roads or canals

Answer 24

Long-lot survey system

Question 25

System which the eldest son in a family or in exceptional cases daughter inherits all of a dying parents land

Answer 25

Primogeniture

Question 26

Term used to describe large scale farming and ranching operations that employ vast land bases large mechanized equipment factory type labor forces and the latest technology

Answer 26

Commercial agriculture

Question 27

Dependence on a single agricultural commodity

Answer 27

Monoculture

Question 28

Developed by wladimir koppeb a system for classifying the worlds climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation

Answer 28

Koppen climatic classification system

Question 29

Production system based on a large estate owned by an individual family or corporation and organized to produce a cash crop. Almost all were established within the tropics; in recent decades many have been divided into smaller holdings or reorganized as cooperatives

Answer 29

Plantation agriculture

Question 30

Non-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco

Answer 30

Luxury crops

Question 31

The raising of domesticated animals for the production of meat and other byproducts such as leather and wool

Answer 31

Livestock ranching

Question 32

General term for the business that provide the vast array of goods and services that support the agriculture industry

Answer 32

Agribusiness

Question 33

Specialized farming that occurs only in areas where climate conditions are dry and moderate in the summer

Answer 33

Mediterranean agriculture

Question 34

The place from which agriculture or a form of agriculture originates

Answer 34

Agricultural hearth

Question 35

A form of technology that uses living organisms or a form of agriculture originates

Answer 35

Biotechnology

Question 36

Grains that include corn, barley etc… grains are the harvested seeds portions of cereal crops that serve as high nutrient store. These grains can be fed to horses as the whole grain or processed by cracking rolling crimping steam flacking or extruding. Grains are very palatable, dense, and usually low in fiber if processed correctly

Answer 36

Cereal grains

Question 37

The transfer of plants animals an diseases between the Americas and Europe and Africa. Historic catalyst for the triangular slave trade

Answer 37

Colombian exchange

Question 38

Degradation of land especially in semi arid areas primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting animal grazing and tree cutting

Answer 38

Desertification

Question 39

A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

Answer 39

Dispersed settlement pattern

Question 40

A pen, or fenced in area

Answer 40

Enclosure

Question 41

The process by which wind water and ice or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another wears down rocks and soil.

Answer 41

Erosion

Question 42

A crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output

Answer 42

Extensive agricultural

Question 44

The cultivation of plants

Answer 44

Horticulture

Question 45

The old nomadic tribes who would follow packs of animals for food and gather other plants so that they could survive

Answer 45

Hunter and gatherers

Question 46

Loss of diversity through failure to produce new species this contributes to mass extinction

Answer 46

Mass depletions

Question 47

Cutting forests emissions to pollutants and spilling of oil

Answer 47

Environmental stress