Unit 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
(25 cards)
An oval (not round) closed curve
Ellipse
Solution proposed to explain a set of facts, which can be tested
Hypothesis
Steps to find scientific truth through observation
Scientific method
System of mathematics developed by Isaac Newton to analyze changing quantities
Calculus
Person who practiced alchemy
Alchemist
Universal truth or principle that 17th century thinkers believed could be found through reason
Natural law
Opposition to war or violence
Pacifism
Religious philosophy in 1700’s based on reason and idea of natural law
Deism
Gathering where enlightenment intellectuals met for conversation
Salons
Temporary military rule limiting rights such as free speech
Martial law
Person who supports a monarchy
Royalist
A nation or state governed by the people or their representatives
Commonwealth
State in which a monarch’s power is limited by a constitution
Constitutional monarchy
Legal principle that requires authorities to show reasons why a person should be held in custody and to provide a speedy trial
Habeas corpus
The chief executive of a parliamentary government
Prime minister
Tax paid directly to the government
Direct tax
A refusal to buy or use certain goods as a protest against an action
Boycott
A sudden, radical change; change of government by force
Revolution
One of three distinct social classes in France during the 1700s: clergy, nobility, & commoners (the Third Estate)
Estates
A 10% tax on income, paid to the clergy
tithe
The middle class, between aristocrats and workers
Bourgeoisie
Compulsory call to military service; the draft
Conscription
Sudden overthrow of government leaders by a small group
Coup d’état
Government headed by a ruler with absolute authority
Dictatorship
