Unit 5.4-- Energy Sources

Question 1

How are fossil fuels formed?

Answer 1

From the remains of dead plants and animals buried millions of years ago

Question 2

Once fossil fuels are used, they will take a very long time to replenish, what do we call them?

Answer 2

Non-renewable energy sources

Question 3

Give 3 examples of fossil fuels.

Answer 3

Coal, crude oil and natural gas.

Question 4

How was coal formed? Show the process in 3 steps.

Answer 4

1) When plants died, they were buried underground
2) The remains of the plants were buried deeper and deeper
3) Over millions of years, high temperature, high pressure and the auction of bacterial slowly turned the remains into coal

Question 5

How were crude oil and natural gas formed? Show the process in 3 steps.

Answer 5

1) When sea animals and plants died, they sank to the bottom of the seas
2) The remains of the sea animals and plants were buried deeper and deeper
3) Over millions of years, high temperature, high pressure and the actions of bacteria slowly turned the remains into crude oils and natural gas

Question 6

Y/N:

Is coal usually directly used as fuel?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Where is coal mainly used and what does it do?

Answer 7

It is used mainly in power station to generate electricity.

Question 8

Y/N:

Is crude oil usually used directly as fuel?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

How do we usually use crude oil? Give 3 examples of the types of fuels it can be made into.

Answer 9

It is processed to produce several types of fuels, such as petrol, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel oil.

Question 10

Y/N:

Is natural gas usually directly used as fuel?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

In some countries, how are natural gas used? Give 2 examples.

Answer 11

Cooking and fuel in cars.

Question 12

In Hong Kong, how is natural gas mainly used? Give 2 examples.

Answer 12

Generating electricity and produce town gas.

Question 13

Name the concern about using fossil fuels:

If we continue to use fossil fuels at the present rate, they will soon be used up.

Answer 13

The reserves of fossil fuels are limited and will soon be used up

Question 14

Name the concern about using fossil fuels:

The burning of fossil fuels in power stations, factories and vehicles releases many harmful substances.

Answer 14

The burning of fossil fuels causes harm to our health and our environment

Question 15

When the harmful substances of burning fossil fuels are released into the air, what do they cause?

Answer 15

Air pollution

Question 16

What might air pollution cause?

Answer 16

Many health problems

Question 17

What health problems can the harmful substances cause? Give 3 examples.

Answer 17

• irritate our eyes and throat
• dizziness and headaches
• respiratory diseases such as bronchitis and asthma

Question 17

What is the term we use when the average temperature of the Earth increases?

Answer 17

Global warming

Question 18

What do sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides form?

Answer 18

Acid rain

Question 18

What can acid rain harm or damage? Give 4 examples. (Water & land)

Answer 18

• fish and other aquatic life

- trees, plants, buildings made of metals or stone

Question 19

Give 5 alternative energy sources.

Answer 19

Nuclear power
Solar energy
Wind power
Hydroelectric power
Biomass energy

Question 20

Y/N:

Is nuclear power renewable?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Where does the 25% of electricity used in Hong Kong come from?

Answer 21

The Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station at Dapeng, Shenzhen

Question 22

In a nuclear power station, nuclear fuels undergo reactions which release heat. What is the purpose of the heat?

Answer 22

The heat is used to boil water to steam. The steam drives a turning, which in turn drives a generator that produces electricity.

Question 23

What is the advantage of using nuclear fuel?

Answer 23

A small amount of nuclear fuel can be used to generate a large amount of electricity.

Question 24

Give 2 limitations of nuclear power.

Answer 24

- the nuclear fuel supply is limited - nuclear fuels and the waste produced ini nuclear power stations are highly dangerous. They are harmful to our health and cause pollution to the environment. Therefore, they need to be stored and transported properly

Question 25

Give 2 advantages of using renewable energy sources.

Answer 25

- can be replenished in a short period of time | - cause less pollution than non-renewable energy sources

Question 27

What is solar energy?

Answer 27

The energy supplied by the Sun.

Question 29

How do we collect solar energy?

Answer 29

Solar collectors or solar panels are commonly installed on the roofs of buildings to collect solar energy.

Question 30

What is the energy collected used for? Give 2 examples.

Answer 30

Produce hot water or generate electricity

Question 31

What are the 2 limitations of using solar energy?

Answer 31

- affected by day length and sunlight intensity | - special equipment is needed to collect sunlight. Equipment is costly to build and install

Question 32

Today, what is the energy of the wind converted into and what are used throughout the world?

Answer 32

Electrical energy, wind turbines

Question 33

What are the 3 limitations of wind power?

Answer 33

- supply of wind depends not eh availability and speed of wind - wind turbines cause noise pollution and birds are sometimes killed by the blades of wind turbines - some people feel that wind turbines make landscape look unsightly

Question 34

What does hydroelectric power make use of and what is the energy used to generate?

Answer 34

Energy of moving water to generate electricity

Question 35

In a hydroelectric power station, what is built across a river tos tore water at a reservoir?

Answer 35

A dam

Question 36

What energy of the water stored from a higher position is converted into a different energy at a hydroelectric power station?

Answer 36

Potential energy —> kinetic energy

Question 37

What is the limitation of the hydroelectric power? (1)

Answer 37

Construction of large dams destroys local land and water habitats —> causes harm to animals and plant living there —> people living near might need to move to other places

Question 38

What energy are stored in woods, crops and animal waste. Thus, what is the energy conversion when they are burnt?

Answer 38

Chemical energy —> light + thermal energy

Question 39

What is the name of the chemical energy that is stored in plaint or in animal waste?

Answer 39

Biomass energy

Question 40

Is biomass energy a renewable source? Explain your answer.

Answer 40

Yes because its supplies can be replenished in a shout period of time. We can grow trees and crops. Also, animals always produce waste.

Question 41

What can sugar, starch and oil extracted from crops and food waste produce?

Answer 41

Biofuels

Question 42

How can biofuels be used? Give 3 examples.

Answer 42

Power vehicles, heating, cooking

Question 43

What are the 2 limitations of biomass energy?

Answer 43

- large area of land is needed to grow crops used fro production of biofuels. The use of agricultural plants as biofuels may increase the prices of crops - if unused waste is not treated properly, it may release gases with a. Foul smell and attract pests such as rats and flies

Question 44

Name 6 ways we can save energy.

Answer 44

1) Turn off electrician appliances, e.g. computers, monitors when they are not in use. 2) Choose electrical appliances with Grade 1 energy efficiency labels. They will use less energy than the same type of appliance with other ratings. 3) Set the air conditioner to keep a moderate temperature such as 25. 4) Hang clothiers to dry instead of using a dryer. 5) Use public transport instead of private vehicles. 6) Use the staircase instead of taking a lift if you need to go up or down only 1 or 2 floors.

Question 45

What is an energy-saving escalator

Answer 45

Runs at normal speed when people walk near to it. When it is not in use, it will run at a slower speed in order to save energy.

Question 46

What are double glazing windows?

Answer 46

They trap a layer or air between tow panels of glass. As air is a good insulator of heat, the windows keep the room cool by blocking out the heat from the Sun. This helps reduce the electricity used by air conditioners.

Question 47

What are light tubes?

Answer 47

They capture the sunlight and reflect into the building. This cuts down the energy needed for lighting.

Question 48

What are electric vehicles?

Answer 48

They use less energy than petrol cars

Question 49

深圳大鵬的廣東大亞灣核電站

Answer 49

Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station at Dapeng, Shenzhen