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Gov > Unit 5A Vocabulary - Chapters 15, 16, 17 > Flashcards

Unit 5A Vocabulary - Chapters 15, 16, 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absentee Ballot

A

If a voter cannot make it to the polls, they can mail a completed ballot instead.

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2
Q

Australian Ballot

A

The type of

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3
Q

Gender Gap

A

The difference in political views between men and women and how these views are expressed at the voting booth.

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4
Q

Help America Vote Act

A

Imposes a number of requirements on states, mostly to create national standards for voting and election management.

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5
Q

Midterm Election

A

Federal elections that occur midway though a presidents term, and usually have a lower turnout.

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6
Q

Motor-Voter Law

A

A law passed that requires states to offer citizens a chance to register to vote at state-run agencies such as the DMV. Increases

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7
Q

National Voter Registration Act

A

Passed to increase citizen participation and to alleviate the burden of having to make a special effort to register to vote.

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8
Q

aka

A

Addresses national standards and enforcement of voter registration, and government agency-based registration. Requires

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9
Q

“Motor voter law”

A

states to offer citizens a chance to register at state-run agencies, such as the bureaus of motor vehicles. Increases number of

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10
Q

Political Efficacy

A

A sense that a citizen’s vote makes a difference.

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11
Q

Polling Place

A

Often a school or community center where voters are assigned to vote at based on their precinct.

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12
Q

Precincts

A

A small geographic area of about 500-1,000 voters who all vote at an assigned polling place.

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13
Q

Provisional Ballot

A

A vote that is cast but not counted until determination is made that the voter is properly registered.

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14
Q

Voter Apathy

A

Lack of concern for the election outcome

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15
Q

Voter Registration

A

Enrollment in the electoral roll

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16
Q

Voter Turnout

A

Number of voters who actually cast a vote as a percentage of the voting age population.

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17
Q

Voting-Age Population

A

Everyone at and over the age of 18

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18
Q

Voting Blocs

A

Groups that vote in

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19
Q

Voting-Eligible Population

A

Citizens who are able to legally vote

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20
Q

Wards

A

Broken-down, subdivided areas of counties, cities, and towns for voting purposes.

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21
Q

Franchise

A

The right to vote

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22
Q

Preclearance

A

Put states under the federal supervision if they attempted to invent new legal loopholes to diminish black suffarage such as

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23
Q

White Primary

A

State democratic party organizations set rules for the primary such as defining their membership as white mens club. It

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24
Q

Electorate

A

Citizens who cast a vote for the American president and other offices.

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25
Party-Line Voting
Voting for only one party due to strong part ties and partial ignorance
26
Prospective Voting
Citizens anticipate the future voting trends by studying past trends.
27
Rational-Choice Voting
A voter who has examined an issue or candidate, evaluated campaign promises or platform points, and consciously decided to
28
Retrospective Voting
Looks back at candidates track record for whether to vote or not.
29
Democratic Party
Supports aggressive efforts for minority rights and stronger protections for the environment. They also desire more
30
Republican Party
Supports a conservative doctrine advocating for strong national defense, reduction of government spending, and limited
31
Linkage Institutions
Channels that connect people with the government to keep people informed to try and shape public policy
32
Democratic National Committee
Hierarchy of hundreds of employees and a complex network dedicated to furthering the goals of the Democratic party.
33
Republican National Committee
Hierarchy of hundreds of employees and a complex network dedicated to furthering the goals of the Republican party.
34
National Chairperson
The chief strategist and spokesperson of each national committee that runs the party machinery.
35
National Convention
Meetings held every 4 years by party leaders of the Dem and Rep parties. Presidential candidates compete for a nomination
36
Platform
A written list of beliefs
37
Robocalls
Prerecorded phone messages delivered automatically to large numbers of people to remind people to vote for their
38
Social Media
Examples: facebook, instagram, snapchat, and twitter. These social networks all have qualities that make them powerful tools
39
War Chest
Reserve of funds used for fighting wars.
40
McGovern-Fraser Commission
Created by Democrats to rewrite their convention rules regarding minority representation. Established affirmative action
41
Super Delegates
High-ranking delegates of the DNC that are unpledged and not required to vote for a specific state primary candidate.
42
Critical Elections
Elections which reveal sharp, lasting changes in loyalties to political parties (i.e. 1800, 1860, 1932, 1964, 2016)
43
Divided Government
When one party controls the White House and the other party controls one or both chambers of Congress.
44
Grand Old Party (GOP)
Name for Republican Party which dominated national politics from 1860-1932, ideological shift to conservatism in 1980s
45
Party Dealignment
When a large portion of electorates abandon a political party without replacing it with a new one.
46
Party Realignment
When groups of political party members start to vote for a different party and shift the balance of power.
47
Economic Protest Parties
These are parties formed when a group of people disagrees with another party's platform and their economic policy making.
48
Single-Issue Parties
A single issue party is a party that is only working towards one goal.
49
Splinter Parties
When large factions of members break off from a major party.
50
Third Parties
Political parties alternative to Democrat and Republican which hold separate beliefs and see limited success.
51
Ideological Parties
Parties that closely or only follow the ideals of their parties rather than voting for the good of the people.
52
Two-Party System
When two parties dominate politics, making it difficult for minor parties to succeed in national elections
53
Winner-Take-All Voting
System used in the Electoral College. When a candidate wins a state they win all the EC votes for that state.
54
Ballot Access
The prescribed method each state has for candidates to earn a place on the ballot. Ballot access is much easier for Democratic
55
Swing States
A U.S. State where the two major political parties have similar levels of support among voters.
56
Single-Member Districts
An electoral district represented by a single office holder.
57
Free-Rider
Non-members choose not to bear the participation costs of time and fees, but DO benefit from the associated group's efforts.
58
Iron Triangles
The strong bonds between an agency, a congressional committee, and an interest group.
59
Issue Networks
Collectives that support a specific issue in a short-term relationship with similar goals
60
Pluralism
A multitude of views that ultimately results in a consensus on some issues. The government is built to distribute the political
61
501 (c) (3)
Organizations, such as churches and certain hospitals, that recieve tax deductions for charitable donations and can influence
62
501 (c) (4)
Groups such as certain social welfare organizations, can lobby and campaign, but they can’t spend more than half their
63
Direct Lobbying
Most common form of insider activity of legislators. Communication with a member or employee of a legislative body, or with a
64
Endorsement
Public expression of support
65
Grassroots Lobbying
Interest groups mobilizing large numbers of people at a local level to lobby for a cause.
66
Grasstops
A strategy used by interest groups to target opinion leaders into influencing large numbers for the groups benefit.
67
Insider Strategies
Strategy of lobbyists that work closely with a few key members of Congress, meeting privately to exchange information & favors
68
Lobbying
Applying pressure to influence government
69
Lobbyist
They work to develop relationships through their contacts who have access to government officials, through these contacts, they
70
Outsider Strategies
Strategies used to educate the public through the internet and campaigns. IT is used to impress public officials from an outsider
71
Ideological Groups
Interest groups formed around a political ideology. Examples include the NAACP on the liberal side and Christian Coalition on the
72
Intergovernmental Lobby
An interest group that includes government officials who rely on federal funding.
73
Material Incentives
Physical things one can gain by joining an interest group (travel discounts, magazine subscriptions, complimentary items)
74
Professional Associations
Institutional interest groups that represent white-collar jobs (American Medical Association, American Bar Association).
75
Public Interest Groups
An interest group that works for the general interest
76
Purposive Incentives
Allows the joiner to gain philosophical satisfaction, their money goes to a worthy cause.
77
Single-Issue Groups
Issue groups focused on just one topic. Notable examples include the National Rifle Association (NRA) and the American
78
Solidary Incentives
A specific incentive that allows people of like mind to gather on occasion.
79
Think Tanks
Research institutions that have specific ideological goals.
80
Upper-Class Bias
Members of interest groups are usually more wealthy and educated.
81
Bundling
Raising large sums from multiple donors for a candidate.
82
Revolving Door
The movement from the job of legislator to a job within an industry affected by the laws or regulations.
83
Trade Associations
Interest groups made of businesses within a specific industry, i.e. the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM).

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