Unit 6

Question 1

persevere

Answer 1

Verb
1
continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no prospect of success.
his family persevered with his treatment

Question 2

fluent

Answer 2

Adjective
1
(of a person) able to express oneself easily and articulately.
a fluent speaker and writer on technical subjects

Question 3

idiom

Answer 3

Noun
1
a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words (e.g., rain cats and dogs, see the light ).

2
a characteristic mode of expression in music or art.
they were both working in a neo-impressionist idiom

Question 4

You can say that again

Answer 4

I totally agree with you.

Question 5

having said that

Answer 5

despite that

in spite of that; nevertheless.
“that was tough but, having said that, I think it’s taught us all a lesson”

Question 6

there is to be said for

Answer 6

—used with words such as something, a lot, much, etc., to indicate that something has advantages which deserve to be considered when someone is thinking about what to do
There is something to be said for small weddings.
There’s a lot to be said for traveling abroad to learn a language.

Question 7

To say the least

Answer 7

used as an understatement (implying the reality is more extreme, usually worse).
“his performance was disappointing to say the least”

Question 8

when all is said and done

Answer 8

: after considering or doing everything —used for a final general statement or judgment
It won’t be easy, but when all is said and done, we’ll be glad we did it.
The candidates claim to have different views but, when all is said and done, they’re very much alike.

Question 9

needless to say

Answer 9

of course.

“needless to say, he didn’t believe me”

Question 10

that is to say

Answer 10

or more exactly:

Our friends, that is to say our son’s friends, will meet us at the airport.

Question 11

have a say

Answer 11

Also, have a voice in. Have the right or power to influence or make a decision about something. For example, I want to have a say in this matter, or Citizens want to have a voice in their local government. [c. 1600]

2
have one’s say. Express one’s views, as in As soon as I’ve had my say I’ll sit down. [Late 1600s]

3
have the say. Be in command, as in The general has the say over which troops will be sent. [Early 1800s]

Question 12

spill

Answer 12

Verb
1
cause or allow (liquid) to flow over the edge of its container, especially unintentionally.
you’ll spill that tea if you’re not careful

Noun
1
a quantity of liquid that has spilled or been spilled.
wipe up spills immediately

Question 13

devastate

Answer 13

Verb
1
destroy or ruin (something).
the city was devastated by a huge earthquake

Question 14

wherever

Answer 14

Adverb
1
in or to whatever place (emphasizing a lack of restriction).
meet me wherever you like
2
used for emphasis instead of “where” in questions, typically expressing surprise or confusion.
wherever can he have gone to?

Conjunction
1
in every case when.
use whole grain breakfast cereals wherever possible

هر کجا که

Question 15

elect

Answer 15

Verb
1
choose (someone) to hold public office or some other position by voting.
the members who were elected to the committee

Adjective
1
(of a person) chosen or singled out.

Noun
1
people who are chosen or singled out.
one of the century’s elect

Question 16

impersonal

Answer 16

Adjective
1
not influenced by, showing, or involving personal feelings.
the impersonal march of progress

2
not existing as a person; having no personality.
he gradually came to believe in an impersonal God

3
GRAMMAR
(of a verb) used only with a formal subject (in English usually it ) and expressing an action not attributable to a definite subject (as in it is snowing ).

Question 17

incoherent

Answer 17

Adjective
1
(of spoken or written language) expressed in an incomprehensible or confusing way; unclear.
he screamed some incoherent threat

Question 18

tongue

Answer 18

Noun
1
the fleshy muscular organ in the mouth of a mammal, used for tasting, licking, swallowing, and (in humans) articulating speech.
2
used in reference to a person’s style or manner of speaking.
he was a redoubtable debater with a caustic tongue

Question 19

correspond

Answer 19

Verb
1
have a close similarity; match or agree almost exactly.
the carved heads described in the poem correspond to those in the drawing

2
communicate by exchanging letters.
Margaret corresponded with him until his death

Question 20

recap

Answer 20

INFORMAL
Verb
1
state again as a summary; recapitulate.
a way of recapping the story so far
Noun
1
a summary of what has been said; a recapitulation.
a quick recap of the idea and its main advantages

Question 21

close

Answer 21

Adjective
1
a short distance away or apart in space or time.
the hotel is close to the sea

2
denoting a family member who is part of a person’s immediate family, typically a parent or sibling.
the family history of cancer in close relatives

3
(of observation, examination, etc.) done in a careful and thorough way.
pay close attention to what your body is telling you about yourself

4
uncomfortably humid or airless.
a close, hazy day

Adverb
1
in a position so as to be very near to someone or something; with very little space between.
they stood close to the door

Verb
1
move or cause to move so as to cover an opening.
she jumped into the train just as the doors were closing

2
bring or come to an end.
the members were thanked for attending and the meeting was closed

3
(of a business, organization, or institution) cease to be in operation or accessible to the public, either permanently or at the end of a working day or other period of time.
the factory is to close with the loss of 150 jobs

4
gradually get nearer to someone or something.
they plotted a large group of aircraft about 130 miles away and closing fast

Noun
1
the end of an event or of a period of time or activity.
the afternoon drew to a close

2
the shutting of something, especially a door.
the door jerked to a close behind them

Question 22

conclude

Answer 22

Verb
1
bring (something) to an end.
they conclude their study with these words

2
arrive at a judgment or opinion by reasoning.
the doctors concluded that Esther had suffered a stroke

Question 23

summarize

Answer 23

Verb
1
give a brief statement of the main points of (something).
these results can be summarized in the following table

Question 24

recall

Answer 24

Verb
1
bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one’s mind; remember.
I can still vaguely recall being taken to the hospital

2
officially order (someone) to return to a place.
the Panamanian ambassador was recalled from Peru

Noun
1
an act or instance of officially recalling someone or something.
a recall of Parliament

2
the action or faculty of remembering something learned or experienced.
he has amazing recall

Question 25

express

Answer 25

Verb 1 convey (a thought or feeling) in words or by gestures and conduct. he expressed complete satisfaction Adjective 1 operating at high speed. express elevators take you directly to the eighth floor Adverb 1 by express train or delivery service. I got my wife to send my gloves express to the hotel Noun 1 an express train or other vehicle of public transportation. we embarked for the south of France on an overnight express

Question 26

illustrate

Answer 26

Verb 1 provide (a book, newspaper, etc.) with pictures. the guide is illustrated with full-color photographs

Question 27

mean

Answer 27

Verb 3 have as a consequence or result. the proposals are likely to mean another hundred closures Adjective 1 unkind, spiteful, or unfair. it was very mean of me 2 (especially of a place) poor in quality and appearance; shabby. her home was mean and small 5 equally far from two extremes. hope is the mean virtue between despair and presumption Noun 2 a condition, quality, or course of action equally removed from two opposite (usually unsatisfactory) extremes. the mean between two extremes

Question 28

indicate

Answer 28

Verb 1 point out; show. dotted lines indicate the text's margins 2 suggest as a desirable or necessary course of action. the treatment is likely to be indicated in severely depressed patients

Question 29

intend

Answer 29

Verb 1 have (a course of action) as one's purpose or objective; plan. the company intends to cut about 4,500 jobs 2 design or destine (someone or something) for a particular purpose or end. this one-roomed cottage was intended to accommodate a family قصد داشتن - خواستن

Question 30

signify

Answer 30

Verb 1 be an indication of. this decision signified a fundamental change in their priorities

Question 31

stutter

Answer 31

Verb 1 talk with continued involuntary repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants. the child was stuttering in fright Noun 1 a tendency to stutter while speaking. “She's p-perfectly j-justified,” he said with his intermittent stutter

Question 32

meaning

Answer 32

Noun 1 what is meant by a word, text, concept, or action. the meaning of the word “supermarket” Adjective 1 intended to communicate something that is not directly expressed. she gave Gabriel a meaning look

Question 33

conjecture

Answer 33

Noun 1 an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information. conjectures about the newcomer were many and varied Verb 1 form an opinion or supposition about (something) on the basis of incomplete information. many conjectured that the jury could not agree

Question 34

connotation

Answer 34

Noun 1 an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. the word “discipline” has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression

Question 35

significance

Answer 35

Noun 1 the quality of being worthy of attention; importance. adolescent education was felt to be a social issue of some significance 2 the meaning to be found in words or events. the significance of what was happening was clearer to me than to her

Question 36

sense

Answer 36

Noun 1 a faculty by which the body perceives an external stimulus; one of the faculties of sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. the bear has a keen sense of smell that enables it to hunt at dusk 2 a feeling that something is the case. she had the sense of being a political outsider 3 a sane and realistic attitude to situations and problems. he earned respect by the good sense he showed at meetings 4 a way in which an expression or a situation can be interpreted; a meaning. it is not clear which sense of the word “characters” is intended in this passage Verb 1 perceive by a sense or senses. with the first frost, they could sense a change in the days 2 (of a machine or similar device) detect. an optical fiber senses a current flowing in a conductor

Question 37

demonstrate

Answer 37

Verb 1 give a practical exhibition and explanation of (how a machine, skill, or craft works or is performed). computerized design methods will be demonstrated 2 clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence. their shameful silence demonstrates their ineptitude

Question 38

imply

Answer 38

Verb 1 strongly suggest the truth or existence of (something not expressly stated). the salesmen who uses jargon to imply his superior knowledge دلالت

Question 39

intimate

Answer 39

Adjective 1 closely acquainted; familiar, close. intimate friends Noun 1 a very close friend. his circle of intimates Verb 1 imply or hint. he had already intimated that he might not be able to continue صمیمی

Question 40

gesture

Answer 40

Noun 1 a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning. Alex made a gesture of apology Verb 1 make a gesture. she gestured meaningfully with the pistol

Question 41

recount

Answer 41

Verb 1 tell someone about something; give an account of an event or experience. I recounted the tale to Steve 2 count again. the children arrange and rearrange the objects in a set and recount them each time Noun 1 an act or instance of giving an account of an event or experience. one woman's recount of a prolonged battle with “huge centipedes.” 2 an act of counting something again, especially votes in an election.

Question 42

appreciate

Answer 42

Verb 1 recognize the full worth of. she feels that he does not appreciate her 2 understand (a situation) fully; recognize the full implications of. they failed to appreciate the pressure he was under 3 rise in value or price. they expected the house to appreciate in value

Question 43

comperhend

Answer 43

Verb 1 grasp mentally; understand. he couldn't comprehend her reasons for marrying Lovat 2 FORMAL include, comprise, or encompass. a divine order comprehending all men

Question 44

contradict

Answer 44

Verb 1 deny the truth of (a statement) by asserting the opposite. the survey appears to contradict the industry's claims

Question 45

follow

Answer 45

Verb 1 go or come after (a person or thing proceeding ahead); move or travel behind. she went back into the house, and Ben followed her 2 come after in time or order. the six years that followed his restoration 3 act according to (an instruction or precept). he has difficulty in following written instructions 4 pay close attention to (something). I've been following this discussion closely

Question 46

follow

Answer 46

Verb 1 go or come after (a person or thing proceeding ahead); move or travel behind. she went back into the house, and Ben followed her 2 come after in time or order. the six years that followed his restoration 3 act according to (an instruction or precept). he has difficulty in following written instructions 4 pay close attention to (something). I've been following this discussion closely

Question 47

dialect

Answer 47

Noun 1 a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group. this novel is written in the dialect of Trinidad

Question 48

catch

Answer 48

Verb 1 intercept and hold (something which has been thrown, propelled, or dropped). she threw the bottle into the air and caught it again 2 capture (a person or animal that tries or would try to escape). we hadn't caught a single rabbit 3 (of an object) accidentally become entangled or trapped in something. the charm bracelet always caught on her clothing 4 reach in time and board (a train, bus, or aircraft). they caught the 12:15 from Chicago 5 engage (a person's interest or imagination). it was the business scheme that had caught his imagination 6 strike (someone) on a part of the body. Ben caught him on the chin with an uppercut 7 contract (an illness) through infection or contagion. he served in Macedonia, where he caught malaria 8 become ignited, due to contact with flame, and start burning. the rafters have caught 1 an act of catching something, typically a ball. 2 a device for securing something such as a door, window, or box. the window catch was rusty 3 a hidden problem or disadvantage in an apparently ideal situation. there's a catch in it somewhere 4 an unevenness in a person's voice caused by emotion. there was a catch in Anne's voice

Question 49

signer

Answer 49

noun 1 a person who signs a document: he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. 2 a person who uses sign language: his wife was a very fluent signer and his children could sign with him as well.

Question 50

rather

Answer 50

Adverb 1 used to indicate one's preference in a particular matter. would you like some wine or would you rather stick to sherry? 2 to a certain or significant extent or degree. she's been behaving rather strangely 3 used to precede an idea that is different or opposite to a previous statement. There is no shortage of basic skills in the workplace. Rather, the problem is poor management

Question 51

arise

Answer 51

Verb 1 (of a problem, opportunity, or situation) emerge; become apparent. new difficulties had arisen ``` 2 FORMAL LITERARY get or stand up. he arose at 9:30 and went out for a walk ```

Question 52

work out

Answer 52

: to devise, arrange, or achieve by resolving difficulties after many years of wrangling, worked out a definite agreement — A. A. Butkus : DEVELOP the final situation is not worked out with psychological profundity — Leslie Rees

Question 53

roll

Answer 53

Verb 1 move or cause to move in a particular direction by turning over and over on an axis. the car rolled down into a ditch 2 (of a vehicle) move or run on wheels. the van was rolling along the highway

Question 54

rolling

Answer 54

Adjective 1 moving by turning over and over on an axis. a rolling ball 2 (of land) extending in gentle undulations. the rolling countryside 3 done or happening in a steady and continuous way. a rolling program of reforms

Question 55

falling

Answer 55

Adjective 1 moving from a higher to a lower level, typically rapidly and without control. she was injured by a falling tree 2 decreasing in number, amount, intensity, or quality. falling attendance figures

Question 56

idle

Answer 56

Adjective 1 (of a person) avoiding work; lazy. idle students 2 without purpose or effect; pointless. he did not want to waste valuable time in idle chatter Verb 1 spend time doing nothing. four men were idling outside the shop 2 (of an engine) run slowly while disconnected from a load or out of gear. the car is noisily idling in the street

Question 57

idle

Answer 57

Adjective 1 (of a person) avoiding work; lazy. idle students 2 without purpose or effect; pointless. he did not want to waste valuable time in idle chatter Verb 1 spend time doing nothing. four men were idling outside the shop 2 (of an engine) run slowly while disconnected from a load or out of gear. the car is noisily idling in the street

Question 58

chit-chat

Answer 58

``` INFORMAL Noun 1 inconsequential conversation. it was a leisurely dinner with much chit-chat and laughter ``` Verb 1 talk about trivial matters. I can't stand around chitchatting

Question 59

wander

Answer 59

Verb 1 walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way. he wandered aimlessly through the narrow streets Noun 1 an act or instance of wandering. she'd go on wanders like that in her nightgown

Question 60

defect

Answer 60

Noun 1 a shortcoming, imperfection, or lack. genetic defects Verb 1 abandon one's country or cause in favor of an opposing one. he defected to the Soviet Union after the war

Question 61

silly

Answer 61

Adjective 1 having or showing a lack of common sense or judgment; absurd and foolish. another of his silly jokes

Question 62

homo

Answer 62

``` Combining form 1 same. homogametic 2 relating to homosexual love. homoerotic Noun 1 the genus of primates of which modern humans ( Homo sapiens ) are the present-day representatives. ```

Question 63

colonize

Answer 63

Verb 1 (of a country or its citizens) send a group of settlers to (a place) and establish political control over it. the Greeks colonized Sicily and southern Italy

Question 64

crossing

Answer 64

Noun 1 a place where two roads, two railroad lines, or a road and a railroad line cross. a stream of cars was waiting for the railroad crossing barriers to be opened 2 a place at which one may safely cross something, especially a street. we were thirty yards from the crossing when a man stepped off the pavement 3 the action of moving across or over something. the crossing of the Pyrenees

Question 65

cross

Answer 65

Noun 1 a mark, object, or figure formed by two short intersecting lines or pieces (+ or ×). cut a cross in the bark with a sharp knife Verb 1 go or extend across or to the other side of (a path, road, stretch of water, or area). he has crossed the Atlantic twice Combining form 1 denoting movement or position across something. cross-channel

Question 66

grunt

Answer 66

Verb 1 (of an animal, especially a pig) make a low, short guttural sound. an enormous pig grunted and shuffled in a sty outside Noun 1 a low, short guttural sound made by an animal or a person. with snorts and grunts the animals were coaxed down the ramp

Question 67

argue

Answer 67

Verb 1 give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view. “It stands to reason,” she argued 2 exchange or express diverging or opposite views, typically in a heated or angry way. I wasn't going to argue with a gun

Question 68

faculty

Answer 68

Noun 1 an inherent mental or physical power. her critical faculties 2 a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge. the Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Question 69

start off

Answer 69

1 : to start or cause (something) to start in a specified way

Question 70

symbol

Answer 70

Noun 1 a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process, e.g. the letter or letters standing for a chemical element or a character in musical notation. the symbol r in Figure 5 represents a gene which is ineffective Synonyms: sign character mark letter hieroglyph ideogram 2 a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract. the limousine was another symbol of his wealth and authority

Question 71

motor

Answer 71

Noun 1 a machine, especially one powered by electricity or internal combustion, that supplies motive power for a vehicle or for some other device with moving parts. Adjective 1 giving, imparting, or producing motion or action. demand is the principle motor force governing economic activity Verb 1 travel in a motor vehicle, typically a car or a boat. we motored along a narrow road

Question 72

precursor

Answer 72

Noun 1 a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind; a forerunner. a three-stringed precursor of the violin

Question 73

burial

Answer 73

Noun 1 the action or practice of interring a dead body. his remains were shipped home for burial

Question 74

hearth

Answer 74

Noun 1 the floor of a fireplace. the crackling blaze on the hearth

Question 75

chat

Answer 75

Verb 1 talk in a friendly and informal way. she chatted to her mother on the phone every day Noun 1 an informal conversation. he dropped in for a chat