Unit 6

Question 1

What is a genotype and a phenotype 6.1

Answer 1

Genotype: Genetic characteristic
Phenotype: Physical characteristic

Question 2

What are teratogens 6.1

Answer 2

Any environmental agent that can reach the embryo and fetus during the prenatal phase and cause harm. Ex. alcohol and Tobacco.

Question 3

What are Erikson’s psychosocial conflicts in development part 1 6.2

Answer 3

Trust Vs. mistrust
Autonomy Vs. Shame/doubt
initiative Vs. Guilt
Industry Vs. inferiority

Question 4

What are the three major styles of attachment 6.2

Answer 4

Security - distressed
Resistance - very distressed
avoidance - not at all distressed

Question 5

What are the four parenting styles 6.2

Answer 5

Authoritative - high demand and warmth
Authoritarian - Low warmth and high demand
Permissive- high warmth and low demand
Uninvolved - low demand and warmth

Question 6

How do you write an FAQ 6.2 VERY IMPORTANT REMEMBER THIS

Answer 6

Identify - First, you underline the term or somehow highlight the main term you a referencing and separate each term into a paragraph with spacing between them.

Define - Define the term. This provides clarity.

Apply - Write your paragraph as if the terms were not explained yet a person with no knowledge of AP psychology could still understand it. Do not use the same words as the questions. Use synonyms.

Question 7

Schema Assimilation 6.3

Answer 7

Using representation to interpret stimulus. Ex a child calling a cat a dog because it has four legs

Question 8

What is schema accommodation

Answer 8

Altering representations to incorporate new information. Ex. learning to differentiate between a bog and a cat by their meow and bark.

Question 9

What is the relationship between schema Assimilation stimulus generalization 6.3

Answer 9

When the child calls a cat a dog because they both have both legs (schema assimilation) is an example of stimulus generalization as dogs and cats are different stimuli but the child reacts the same to both.

Question 10

What is the relationship between schema accommodation and stimulus discrimination 6.3

Answer 10

The child now differentiates the cat and the dog by their meow and bark (schema accommodation). This is stimulus discrimination, as the same stimulus (having four legs) produces a different reaction

Question 11

What are Piaget stages of cognitive development 6.3

Answer 11

Sensorimotor - this happens at birth to age and is the development of object permanence.

Preoperational - happens at age 2 to 7 and develops the theory of mind and symbolic thought.

Concrete operational - happens at age 7 - 12 and is the development of logic.

Formal operational - from years 12 for the rest of life and is the development of abstract thought

Question 12

what is egocentrism 6.3

Answer 12

The inability to see something from another person’s point a view. Within the preoperational stage of development

Question 13

What is the theory of mind 6.3

Answer 13

A sense of what other people are thinking. leads to empathy. Within the preoperational stage of development

Question 14

What is symbolic thought 6.3

Answer 14

Being able to string together letters to represent words and the have the ability to imagine and have objects standing for other things. Within the preoperational stage of development

Question 15

What is logical thinking (has to do with objects) 6.3

Answer 15

Reversibility - being able to return objects and number back to their original state.

Conservation - Objects maintain their properties despite changes of appearance.

Classification - Grouping objects based on multiple traits.

Seriation- arranging objects based on specific classification

Question 16

What happens in adolescence and early adulthood part 2 6.4 - 6.5

Answer 16

Identity Vs. Role confusion
Intimacy Vs. Isolation
Generativity Vs. stagnation
Ego integrity Vs. despair

Question 17

What was James Marcia’s identity statuses (identity) 6.4

Answer 17

Exploration of identity and commitment to it

Foreclosure - low exploration and high commitment

Achievement - High exploration and commitment

Diffusion - low exploration and commitment

Moratorium - high exploration and low commitment

Question 18

What is adolescent egocentrism 6.4

Answer 18

The expectation that others are constantly watching you

Question 19

What is the imaginary audience 6.4

Answer 19

An adolescent’s perception that others are constantly judging them

Question 20

Personal fable 6.4

Answer 20

An adolescent’s belief that they are special and nothing can affect them

Question 21

what happens to the mind as we age 6.5

Answer 21

Biophysical changes in our mind make us loss our memory.

Question 22

What are the three levels of Lawrence Kohlbergs moral development 6.6

Answer 22

Level1. Pre - conventional morality: right and wrong determined by rewards and punishments

Level2. conventional morality: Views of other matters. Avoidance of blame and seeking approval

Level3. Post - conventional morality: Abstract notions of justice. rights of others can override obedience to laws and rules.

Question 23

What is social desirability bias 6.6

Answer 23

When you respond to something in a way that you think will impress the other person

Question 24

What is internal validity and generalizability 6.6

Answer 24

It is accurancy

Question 25

What are the first three stages of morality 6.6

Answer 25

Stage 1.1: Punishment and obedience. Whatever leads to punishment is wrong.

Stage 2.1: The right way to behave to be rewarded

Stage 3.2: Good intentions. Behaving in a way that conforms to the good behaviours that others expect from us

Question 25

What are the first three stages of morality 6.6

Answer 25

Stage 1.1: Punishment and obedience. Whatever leads to punishment is wrong.

Stage 2.1: The right way to behave to be rewarded

Stage 3.2: Good intentions. Behaving in a way that conforms to the good behaviours that others expect from us

Question 26

What are the last three stages of morality 6.6

Answer 26

Stage 4.2: Obedience to authority. Importance of doing one’s duty.

Stage 5.3: Difference between moral and legal rights. Recognition that rules should sometimes be broken

Stage 6.3: Individual principles of conscience. Takes account of likely views of everyone affected by the morale decision

Question 27

What are gender roles 6.7

Answer 27

Expected behaviours for females and males; based on cultures

Question 28

What are gender stereotypes 6.7

Answer 28

A schema a child develops about the behaviours based on their gender

Question 29

what is the gender schema theory 6.7

Answer 29

Children actively form schemas or mental categories for masculinity and femininity to recognize their own role and select activities that match that role.

Question 30

What is the gender schema theory 6.7

Answer 30

Children actively form schemas or mental categories for masculinity and femininity to recognize their own roles and select activities that match that roles.