Unit 6

Question 1

Why do we process animal feed?

Answer 1

Improve:
-handling
-animal performance

Question 2

What is the purpose of grinding?

Answer 2

-Particle reduction
-increased surface area

Question 3

What are the 2 types of feed grinders?

Answer 3

-Roller Mills
-Hammer Mills

Question 4

What specie(s) require fine particle size?

Answer 4

-swine
-poultry

Question 5

How do Hammer Mills grind feed?

Answer 5

Swinging hammers hit grain until it is small enough to pass through perforated screen

Question 6

Advantages of Hammer Mills?

Answer 6

-Do not need trained mechanic to fix
-Can contain a wider range of ingredients
-Easy to operate

Question 7

Disadvantages of Hammer Mills?

Answer 7

-Generates more heat, dust, and noise
-less uniform particle size
-Uses a lot of energy
-Hammers ware down faster

Question 8

How do Roller Milla grind feed?

Answer 8

Grains pass through 1+ roller pairs that rotate
-slice or compress into flakes

Question 9

Advantages of Roller Mills?

Answer 9

-Better particle size uniformity
-Less heat, dust, noise generated

Question 10

Disadvantages of Roller Mills?

Answer 10

-Greater maintenance cost
-Trained technicians must be called to fix
-Poor performance with fibrous material

Question 11

What Grinding method is used for monogastric?

Answer 11

Roller Mill

Question 12

What is production rate?

Answer 12

How quickly feed can be made

Question 13

Which industry owns their own feed mill and processes feed down to 400 microns or smaller?

Answer 13

Swine

Question 14

What issues occur with finely ground particles?

Answer 14

-Poor flow in feed systems
-Creates a bridge

Question 15

What is a bridge?

Answer 15

The air pocket that between 2 sections of feed stuck to the side of the processor

Question 16

What is the Angle of Repose?

Answer 16

The angle of the pile of feed before it collapses
steeper angle = more likely to bridge

Question 17

What nutrient causes feed to bridge?

Answer 17

Fats

Question 18

Why are Roller Mills less likely to produce feeds that bridge?

Answer 18

They produce more consistent particle sized feed

Question 19

What is the goal of feed mixing?

Answer 19

To make every bite equal
-nutritionally equal

Question 20

Do bigger or smaller animal size require more accurate feed mix?
Why?

Answer 20

-Smaller
-They take smaller bites

Question 21

Why do producers do clean-outs?

Answer 21

To make sure whatever was produced last has no residue left

Question 22

Process of a Clean-Out?

Answer 22

Run a grain used daily through the mixer
-typically corn

Question 23

What are the horizontal mixers?

Answer 23

Paddle
Ribbon
Rotating Drum Mixer

Question 24

What are the vertical mixers?

Answer 24

Auger

Question 25

What species are vertical mixers used for?

Answer 25

Ruminant

Question 26

What species are horizontal mixers used for?

Answer 26

Ruminants

Question 27

How do producers measure mixer efficiency?

Answer 27

A small amount of salt is added to a mix of feed, then mixing begin -Multiple samples are taken to ensure feed is mixed evenly

Question 28

What is sequence to adding feeds to a mixer?

Answer 28

1) Add half of grain 2) Add protein source 3) Add premix and medications 4) Add next half of grain

Question 29

When do producers begin measuring time?

Answer 29

Once all mixture is added to feed (Mixer is mixing, but not measured until all mixes are in)

Question 30

What is the order we add feed to a mixture?

Answer 30

1. Medicated 2. Nursery Diets 3. Grower Diets 4. Sow Diets 5. Finisher Diets