Unit 6

Question 1

Water table

Answer 1

The uppermost portion of an aquifer where the soil is fully saturated with water

Question 2

Perched aquifer

Answer 2

Type of aquifer found above the water table very close to the surface

Question 3

Unconfined aquifer

Answer 3

For this type of aquifer the water table is able to rise or fall depending on precipitation levels and rate of extraction

Question 4

One way to reduce water usage in agriculture is to only irrigate when needed

Answer 4

Use soil monitors

Question 5

Confined aquifer

Answer 5

An advantage of tapping this aquifers is that water is clean or less likely to be polluted

Question 6

Distillation

Answer 6

One major advantage of using distillation is that it is inexpensive

Question 7

Artesian well

Answer 7

When tapped this aquifer can produce an artesian well

Question 8

One way to reduce water usage in agriculture is to improve irrigation practices

Answer 8

drip irrigation

Question 9

Groundwater pollution from pesticides

Answer 9

One impact is poisoning wells making them unsafe for consumption

Question 10

Increased precipitation

Answer 10

How would it impact the water table? It would go up

Question 11

Ecologic effects of the Aral Sea water transfer project

Answer 11

Loss of aquatic species, loss of habitat and increased salinity

Question 12

Groundwater/aquifer

Answer 12

Water stored underground between soil and rock particle

Question 13

Climate change

Answer 13

Cause of water insecurity

Question 14

Dams on rivers

Answer 14

An advantage is that they provide water for year round irrigation of cropland and drinking

Question 15

Deforestation

Answer 15

Contributes to water insecurity by reducing natural water retention in soil and accelerating soil erosion

Question 16

Hydroelectric power

Answer 16

An advantage of using dams on rivers to manage water insecurity is that they can produce cheap electricity

Question 17

Urbanization

Answer 17

Often reduces groundwater recharge because impermeable surfaces limit water infiltration

Question 18

Dams on rivers

Answer 18

A disadvantage is that downstream cropland and estuaries are deprived of nutrient rich silt

Question 19

Mismanagement of irrigation

Answer 19

Can lead to water loss through evaporation

Question 20

Inadequate sanitation systems

Answer 20

Primarily cause water insecurity because they contaminate water sources with sewage and wastewater

Question 21

Dams on rivers

Answer 21

A disadvantage is that migration and spawning of some fish are disrupted

Question 22

Gravity fed schemes

Answer 22

A disadvantage of using them to transfer water is that they are not applicable in plain or flat terrain

Question 23

Economic effects of the Aral Sea water transfer project

Answer 23

Collapse of fishing industry, loss of jobs and increase in food prices

Question 24

Confined aquifer

Answer 24

This type of aquifer is situated between two impermeable layers of rock or clay

Question 25

Lateral recharge

Answer 25

How is a confined aquifer recharged? Lateral recharge

Question 26

Rationing water

Answer 26

Prohibits or severely limits non essential uses like watering lawns or washing vehicles during periods of acute water shortage

Question 27

Management strategy

Answer 27

Replacing water intensive crops with native crops is a management strategy used to reduce water usage in agriculture

Question 28

Extracting water from aquifers

Answer 28

A disadvantage is that aquifers can get depleted if over pumped

Question 29

Extracting water from aquifers

Answer 29

An advantage is that they are renewable resources if not over pumped

Question 30

Over pumping aquifers

Answer 30

An effect is loss of ecosystem on surface

Question 31

Bucket under the shower

Answer 31

Place a bucket under the shower and use that collected water to water plants

Question 32

Human health effects of the Aral Sea water transfer project

Answer 32

Lakebed exposed to atmosphere causing pesticides residue to be picked up by wind and moved to surrounding towns

Question 33

Advantage of using dams on rivers

Answer 33

Reservoir is useful for recreation and fishing

Question 34

Disadvantage of using dams on rivers

Answer 34

Flooded land destroys forest or cropland and displaces people

Question 35

Soil salinization

Answer 35

Occurs when irrigation water evaporates and leaves behind salt

Question 36

Saltwater intrusion

Answer 36

Occurs when coastal aquifers become flooded with sea water

Question 37

Frozen water found in mountainous areas

Answer 37

Ice caps

Question 38

Differing access to safe drinking water

Answer 38

Often due to unequal development of infrastructure and sanitation systems

Question 39

Population growth and water insecurity

Answer 39

Increasing demand for water in domestic and agricultural sectors

Question 40

Rapid urbanization and water insecurity

Answer 40

Municipal water systems are frequently overwhelmed by sudden growth

Question 41

Artesian well

Answer 41

When water flows free to surface (no energy is expanded)

Question 42

Effect of mismanagement of irrigation

Answer 42

The pollution of surface and groundwater due to pesticides and fertilizers infiltrating

Question 43

Distillation

Answer 43

Heating saltwater until all water evaporates

Question 44

Drought events and water insecurity

Answer 44

Limiting the availability of water for agriculture and human use

Question 45

Agricultural runoff

Answer 45

Containing fertilizers enters rivers and lakes, causing harmful algal blooms that deplete water quality

Question 46

Impact of water insecurity on agriculture

Answer 46

Reduced crop yield and crop failure

Question 47

Lack of sanitation

Answer 47

Causes water contamination and human health concerns

Question 48

Reverse osmosis

Answer 48

Uses high pressure to force saltwater through membrane filter

Question 49

Floodwaters and freshwater reserves

Answer 49

Can make freshwater reserves unsuitable for drinking by carrying contaminants (chemicals, sewage) into reservoirs

Question 50

Flooding and water insecurity

Answer 50

By contaminating water with debris and sewage

Question 51

Impact of deforestation on local water cycles

Answer 51

Arsenic contamination

Question 52

River dams and estuaries

Answer 52

Reduce the salinity of estuaries

Question 53

Perched aquifer

Answer 53

This type of aquifer is a source of natural springs

Question 54

Soil salinization definition

Answer 54

Excess salt accumulates in the topsoil after water evaporates, harming crops

Question 55

Link between water insecurity and food insecurity

Answer 55

Food shortages, food price increase, malnutrition and famine

Question 56

Water use in industry

Answer 56

Cooling power plants equipment and fracturing rock to release oil

Question 57

Impact of water insecurity

Answer 57

Illness caused by drinking contaminated water

Question 58

Disadvantage of reverse osmosis

Answer 58

The initial investment cost is high

Question 59

Rising sea level and water insecurity

Answer 59

By pushing saltwater into coastal aquifers (saltwater intrusion)

Question 60

Water transportation strategy

Answer 60

Water is transported very long distances from its source through aqueducts or pipelines

Question 61

Ice sheet

Answer 61

The mass of glacial land ice that covers the polar regions

Question 62

Consequence of water insecurity on communities

Answer 62

Greater vulnerability to hunger and disease