Unit 6

Question 1

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 1

To store and transmit genetic information.

Question 2

True or False: RNA is double-stranded.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process of copying DNA into RNA is called _______.

Answer 3

Transcription

Question 4

What are the four nucleotide bases found in RNA?

Answer 4

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine

Question 5

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

They facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Question 6

Define ‘gene expression’.

Answer 6

The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually proteins.

Question 7

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 7

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme synthesizes RNA?

Answer 8

RNA polymerase

Question 9

True or False: All mutations are harmful.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is a point mutation?

Answer 10

A change in a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The three types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and _______.

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 12

To transfer amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

Question 13

What is a codon?

Answer 13

A sequence of three nucleotides that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Question 14

Define ‘transcription factors’.

Answer 14

Proteins that help regulate the transcription of genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is not a type of mutation?

Answer 15

Translocation

Question 16

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Answer 16

It determines how sequences of nucleotides are translated into amino acids.

Question 17

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have introns and exons.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The process of removing introns from mRNA is called _______.

Answer 18

Splicing

Question 19

What is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 19

A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in a DNA sequence.

Question 20

Define ‘operon’.

Answer 20

A group of genes regulated together, typically found in prokaryotes.

Question 21

What is the role of promoter regions in gene expression?

Answer 21

They are sequences that initiate transcription of a particular gene.

Question 22

Multiple Choice: Which type of RNA is involved in the process of translation?

Answer 22

tRNA

Question 23

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 23

A process that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding certain exons.

Question 24

True or False: All genes are expressed at all times.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The genetic material of viruses can be made of _______ or _______.

Answer 25

DNA; RNA

Question 26

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 26

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 27

Define 'regulatory sequences'.

Answer 27

DNA sequences that control the expression of a gene.

Question 28

What is the significance of post-translational modifications?

Answer 28

They can alter protein function and activity after synthesis.

Question 29

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes occurs in the nucleus?

Answer 29

Transcription

Question 30

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 30

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Question 31

True or False: All proteins have a unique three-dimensional structure.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The start codon is _______.

Answer 32

AUG

Question 33

What is the role of chaperone proteins?

Answer 33

To assist in the proper folding of polypeptides.

Question 34

Define 'epigenetics'.

Answer 34

The study of changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence.

Question 35

What is the purpose of the lac operon in E. coli?

Answer 35

To regulate the metabolism of lactose.

Question 36

Multiple Choice: Which type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?

Answer 36

Nonsense mutation

Question 37

True or False: Genetic drift can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a population.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from _______ to _______ to _______.

Answer 38

DNA; RNA; Protein