Unit 6

Question 1

DNA—> RNA—>Protein

Answer 1

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question 2

Information Storage

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

Message

Answer 3

RNA

Question 4

Functional Unit

Answer 4

Protein

Question 5

What is the structure of DNA

Answer 5

double stranded (helix)

Question 6

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 6

single strand

Question 7

What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?

Answer 7

A,T,C,G

Question 8

What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?

Answer 8

A,U,C,G

Question 9

What is the sugar in DNA?

Answer 9

deoxyribose

Question 10

What is the sugar in RNA?

Answer 10

ribose

Question 11

_____ are polymers made up of monomer units called _____ _____.

Answer 11

proteins, amino acids

Question 12

____ ____ have a stereotypical structure with central carbon, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and a variable R group

Answer 12

amino acids

Question 13

What’s included in the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 13

a central carbon, r (variable group), carboxyl (COOH), hydrogen, amino (H2N)

Question 14

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

What is the polymer form of a protein?

Answer 15

polypeptide

Question 16

What is the monomer form of a protein?

Answer 16

amino acid

Question 17

Which of the following statement regarding DNA vs RNA is true?
a. DNA and RNA both comprise of double strand nucleic acid.
b. The nitrogenous bases for RNA are A, T, C, G
c. DNA uses deoxyribose as its sugar
d. RNA uses ribose as its sugar
e. The nitrogenous bases for DNA are A, U, C, G

Answer 17

c and d

Question 18

If you see the following sequence you would conclude that it is what type of molecule?

5’ AUGCGGAAUUCCGCGAA3’

DNA
RNA
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrates

Answer 18

RNA

Question 19

The polymer form of DNA is called__________, the monomer form of DNA is called ___________.

Answer 19

deoxyribose nucleic acid, nucleotide

Question 20

The chemical process for joining amino acids together to form polypeptide is called

Answer 20

Dehydration synthesis

Question 21

The specific bond that forms between amino acids are called:

Answer 21

peptide bonds

Question 22

When you have 2 or more strings of polypeptide interacting to form a structure, which of the following structure level is it?

Answer 22

quaternary structure

Question 23

When you list out the amino acid sequence of a protein, you are listing out which of the following structure level?

Answer 23

primary structure

Question 24

When amino acids interact with nearby amino acids to form structures like helices and sheets, what specific structure level are we talking about?

Answer 24

secondary structure

Question 25

Which of the following groups from the amino acid interact to form the peptide bond? a. R and -OH b. amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) c. amino (NH2) and hydrogen (H) d. phosphate (PO4) and carboxyl (COOH)

Answer 25

amino (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH)

Question 26

What does a “transcriptional unit” contain?

Answer 26

Promoter-Open Reading Frame-Terminator

Question 27

Which of the following component allows RNA polymerase binding to start the transcription of a gene? a. Operator b. Promoter c. Open Reading Frame d. Terminator

Answer 27

promoter

Question 28

Which of the following component contains information to code for a protein? a. Operator b. Promoter c. Open Reading Frame d. Terminator

Answer 28

open reading frame

Question 29

During transcription, which of the following DNA strand is the one being copied? a. Coding strand b. Template strand c. Lagging strand d. Leading strand

Answer 29

template strand

Question 30

During transcription, RNA polymerase always polymerizes the new RNA in what direction? a. 5’ to 3’ b. 3’ to 5’ c. left to right d. right to left e. 3’ to 3’

Answer 30

a. 5’ to 3’

Question 31

During transcription which of the following does NOT happen? (Choose all that apply) a. DNA polymerase unwinds DNA b. RNA polymerase unwinds DNA c. RNA polymerase polymerizes new RNA strand d. DNA polymerase polymerizes new DNA strand e. Ribosome polymerizes polypeptide strand

Answer 31

a, d, e

Question 32

During RNA processing which of the following is true? (Choose all that apply) a. The 3’ capping protects RNA strand from being degraded b. The 5’ poly G tail protects RNA strand from being degraded c. Splicing takes out the exons and splice together the introns. d. The 3’ poly A tail protects RNA strand from being degraded e. Splicing takes out the introns and splice together the exons.

Answer 32

d, e

Question 33

21. Which of the following is the purpose of alternative splicing? a. To allow production of different proteins from a single gene. b. To allow production of different exons from a single gene. c. To allow reduction of introns from a gene. d. To allow reduction of different proteins from a single gene.

Answer 33

a.

Question 34

Which of the following process describes how the same gene in you can produce different types of proteins that is used in your skin cells vs your muscle cells? a. transcription b. alternative translation c. alternative splicing d. replication e. translation

Answer 34

c

Question 35

Which of the following match is correct (Choose all that apply) a. Ribosome- translate DNA b. mRNA-contains codon c. tRNA-can carry amino acid d. mRNA-contains anticodon e. Ribosome- translate RNA

Answer 35

b,c

Question 36

which of the following will be the anticodon that complements this codon: 3’ CGU 5’ a. 5’ ACG 3’ b. 3’ ACG 5’ c. 3’ GCA3’ e. 5’ CGU 3’

Answer 36

b

Question 37

Which of the following is true? a. Start codon is found on tRNA b. transcription only starts when RNA polymerase encounters the start codon c. The stop codon does not code for an amino acid d. The promoter will be transcribe into RNA during the transcription process e. Both exons and introns are translated into protein.

Answer 37

c

Question 38

What makes up a peptide bond?

Answer 38

amino acids

Question 39

The helices, sheets, and the rest of the “string of beads” folds up on itself through interactions between amino acids.

Answer 39

tertiary structure

Question 40

What acts as the on/off switch in transcription?

Answer 40

the promoter

Question 41

Where in the transcription process does information get turned into protein?

Answer 41

Open Reading Frame (coding gene)

Question 42

In transcription what tells RNA polymerase to stop transcription?

Answer 42

terminator

Question 43

Describe the transcriptional Unit (DNA)

Answer 43

promoter ---> Open reading frame (coding gene) ---> terminator

Question 44

In transcription what direction does RNA build in?

Answer 44

5' ---> 3'

Question 45

What peels apart DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between base pairs

Answer 45

RNA polymerase

Question 46

protects from degradation; involved in translation initiation

Answer 46

5' cap

Question 47

created by poly-A polymerase; protection from degradation

Answer 47

3' poly-A tail

Question 48

Take out introns and splice together exons.

Answer 48

splicing

Question 49

Describe the process of translation

Answer 49

mRNA (the message) ---> ribosome (the machine) ---> tRNA (the mediator)

Question 49

This is the copy of the gene from DNA that carries the instructions for making a protein.

Answer 49

mRNA

Question 50

This is where the protein is assembled. It reads the mRNA and coordinates the whole process.

Answer 50

ribosome

Question 51

These are the "interpreters" that bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome based on the mRNA sequence.

Answer 51

tRNA

Question 52

What type of mutation happens when a single base pair is added, deleted, or changed?

Answer 52

point mutations

Question 53

What type of mutation happens when a change in the DNA has no effect on the amino acid sequence and no effect on the protein?

Answer 53

silent mutations

Question 54

What type of mutation occurs when a DNA change results in a different amino acid being encoded at a particular position in the resulting protein?

Answer 54

missense mutation

Question 55

What type of mutation occurs when a sequence change gives rise to a stop codon rather than a codon specifying an amino acid?

Answer 55

nonsense mutation

Question 56

What type of mutation occurs when there is. an insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiples of three?

Answer 56

frameshift mutation