Unit 6 Flashcards
(14 cards)
List types of HR objectives
1 Labour productivity
2 Employee engagement
3 Training
4 Talent development
5 Diversity
6 Alignment of values
7 Location, number of employees etc
What are the hard and soft HR approaches?
Soft - Employees are the most valuable asset a business has and they should be developed to maximise their value - long term
Hard - Employees are a resource to be used optimally - 0 hour / flexible contracts and paid as cheaply as possible
What is the formula for labour turnover?
number of staff leaving / average number of staff x 100
What is the formula for average number of employees?
Employees at the start if time period + Employees at the end of time period / 2
What is span of control?
A number of employees that a manager can oversee and manage effectively in an organisation
What are centralisation and decentralisation?
Centralisation - Decision making is concentrated at the top of an organisation
Decentralisation - Decision making authority is distributed through delegation
What is HR flow?
the movement of employees through an organisation
List elements of HR flow?
/5
- HR planning: Forecasting HR needs over the next few years and deciding how the current workforce needs to be changed
- Recruitment
- Training: Off-the-job, On-the-job
- Dismissal and redundancy
- Redeployment - Relocating staff to avoid redundancy and retain skilled staff
Describe Taylor’s motivational theory of scientific management
Employees are mainly motivated by financial rewards and need supervision to work at optimal efficiency
- It involved studying employee work processes to establish their most efficient methods, timing them doing this, then training remaining workers to do this strategy at the set time, and then offer ‘piece-rate pay’, where employees are paid according to their output, to incentivise meeting the standard
Describe Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Each tier can only be achieved if the tiers beneath it have beforehand - employees strive to achieve the next, an a business can improve motivation by assisting this
1st tier: Physiological needs e.g. paid enough for food + shelter; 2nd tier: Security needs: secure contract and safe working conditions; 3rd tier: Social needs: Healthy relationships with employees; 4th tier: Esteem needs: recognition of input and respect or challenging work for intrinsic pride; 5th tier: Self-actualisation: Employees reach their full potential
Describe Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction but do not improve motivation e.g. adequate pay, safe working conditions, supervision
Motivator factors can improve motivation e.g. personal growth and achievement of goals, interest in the work, responsibility, etc
These should be used simultaneously to meet employee needs
List financial methods of motivation
/4
- Piece-rate pay
- commission
- Salaries
- Performance related pay: Bonuses, salary increases annually
List non-financial methods of motivation
/5
- Empowerment
- Teamworking - social needs met, creativity can flourish, shared responsibility, etc
- Flexible working - meeting home life needs by differed structure, compressed work weeks, part time, etc
- Job enrichment - make their work more challenging, autonomous, interesting, etc
- Job rotation, maintains interest, develops skillset
Describe 2 methods of employee representation
Trade unions - independent organisations within a specific industry that represent their members’ interests
Work councils - Employee representatives and employers meet to avoid external bargaining and discuss workplace issues and conditions
