Unit 6 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Define: proletariat
In Marxist theory, the group of workers who would overthrow the Czar and come to rule Russia.
Define: V.I.Lenin
Vladimir Ilyish Lenin was the major leader of the bolsheviks. Ruthless. First ruler of Communist Russia. “Father of the Revolution.” Wanted to lead a worldwide communist revolution led by workers. Career: late 1890s to 1924.
Define: Joseph Stalin
Russian dictator known as the “Man of Steel.” He wanted to perfect a communist state in Russia through totalitarian rule. Cold hearted, impersonal. 1922-27 began ruthless climb. In total command of Communist party by 1928. Wielded absolute power as dictator. Lenin felt he was dangerous. Crude and rough and glorified himself. Career: early 1900s to 1953.
Define: totalitarianism
A govt that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life. Seeks to erase line btwn govt and society. A dynamic leader who can build support for his policies and justify his actions heads most totalitarian govts. Challenges the highest values praised by Western democracies.
What does USSR stand for?
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Define: Mao Zedong
Leader of the Chinese Communist party, known as the “Great Helmsman.” Career: early 1900s to 1976. Wanted to stage a communist revolution in China, led by peasants.
Define: the Long March
Hazardous 6000 mile journey by Communist forces – including Mao – fleeing from Nationalist Party forces. 1934 to 1935.
Define: Mohandas K. Ghandi
Leader of the independence movement in India. Career: late 1800s to 1948. Mohandas = “Great Soul.” Wanted to achieve Indian self-rule through campaigns of civil disobedience. Strategy for battling injustice evolved from deeply religious approach to political activity. Teachings blended ideas from all the major world religions. Urged Indian National Congress to follow policy of noncooperation w/British. Campaign of civil disobedience to weaken British authority and economic power. Boycotts, strikes & demonstrations, Salt March.
Define: civil disobedience
Deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law, and non-violence as the means to achieve independence. Endorsed by the Congress Party in 1920.
What was the significance of the Salt March in the Indian movement towards independence?
Demonstration organized by Ghandi in 1930 to defy the hated Salt Acts which allowed Indians to buy salt only from the govt and pay sales tax on it. Walked 240 miles to sea coast & began making own salt. Peaceful protest. Violent repression by police – worldwide support for Ghandi’s independence movement. 6000 arrested in India, including Ghandi.
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Lenin
Russia
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Stalin
Russia
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Sun Yixian
China
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Mao Zedong
China
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Gandhi
India
State the country, career years, key role, popular name and goal of Kemal
Turkey
How did the effects of WWI influence literature and the arts in the 1920’s?
Unconventional styles and ideas reflected uncertainty of the times and society’s concerns. Novels showed Freud’s theories on the unconscious. Artists rebelled against tradition and earlier realistic styles; showed inner world of emotion and imagination Cubism founded in 1907. Expressionism ongoing. Surrealism sought to link the world of dreams w/real life (inspired by Freud). Composers tried new styles in classical and popular music. Jazz emerged in U.S.
Why did the Great Depression in the U.S. turn into a global depression?
Everyone owed the U.S. money. U.S. economic prosperity was sustaining the world economy. When it weakened, the world’s economic system would collapse. American bankers demanded repayment; American investors w/drew investments in Europe; demand for European goods dropped sharply (high tariffs). Chain reaction of tariffs led to 65% decrease in world wide trade contributing to soaring unemployment
Give at least two examples of the global effect of the Great Depression.
- 1931 failure of Austria’s largest bank
- sugar, beef and copper markets in Latin Am collapsed
- value of Asian exports fell by 1/2– farmers and urban workers suffered.
Define: fascism
New militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. No clearly defined theory or program but most fascists shared several ideas: extreme nationalism, belief nations must struggle, loyalty to authoritarian leader, uniforms and salutes, mass rallies.
Define: Benito Mussolini
Newspaper editor and politician; promised to revive Italian economy and rebuild armed forces. Founded Fascist Party in 1919. Popularity increased as economic conditions worsened. March on Rome in 1922. Took power around end of 1922 and was Il Duce. Abolished other parties; censorship; secret police. Lacked total control maintained by Stalin or Hitler.
Define: Adolf Hitler
Little known political leader who gained recognition in WWI. Joined right-wing political group in 1919 called Nazis. Fiery oratory manipulated audiences. Chosen Der Fuhrer. Tried for treason – wrote Mein Kampf in jail setting forth beliefs and goals for Germany: Germans “master race;” Versailles Treaty an outrage; lebensraum. Economic decline led people to turn to him. Became Chancellor in 1933. Stirred up fears of Communists. Banned other parties. Created SS. Wanted control over all aspects of German life. Used propaganda.
Define: Nazism
German brand of fascism. Swastika symbol. Stormtroopers/Brown Shirts. Largest political party by 1932. Anti-semitism: scapegoated Jews for all Germany’s problems since WWI.
Define: lebensraum
“living space” – Hitler declared Germany needed more living space and promised to get it by conquering Eastern Europe and Russia.
