Unit 6

Question 1

Streak

Answer 1

Mark left behind from a mineral
Rub against streak plate to determine streak
⭐️color of mineral may change but streak color doesn’t⭐️

Question 2

Luster

Answer 2

Shine: metallic

No shine: non metallic, dull, glassy(reflective)

Question 3

Breakage pattern

Answer 3

Cleavage: minerals tendency to break into pattern
Fracture: break randomly, uneven

Question 4

Cleavage

Answer 4

Thin sheets, one direction
Cubic, 90 angle
Rhombohedral, slanted cube

Question 5

Hardness

Answer 5

Resistance to being scratched
Scale of 1-10
Test on glass plate

Question 6

Glass test

Answer 6

See if scratched or scratches
Scratches glass: 5.5<
No scratch on glass: 5.5>

Question 7

Density

Answer 7

Mass/ volume

Can use to compare minerals

Question 8

What are rocks and types

Answer 8

Made up of minerals, are solids

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 9

Igneous rocks forming

Answer 9

Molten rocks —> solidified

Hardening of melted rocks/ molten rocks

Question 10

Origin

Answer 10

Location of where molten rock solidifies. Intrusive and extrusive.

Question 11

Intrusive

Answer 11

Inside volcano

Large crystals

Question 12

Extrusive

Answer 12

Outside volcano

Small crystals

Question 13

Texture

Answer 13

Size, shape of mineral in/on rock

Fine grain, vesicular, coarse grained, glassy

Question 14

Fine grained

Answer 14

Fast cooling
small crystals(can’t grow, not enough time)

Question 15

Vesicular

Answer 15

Fast cooling 
tiny holes(gas escape) vesicles

Question 16

Coarse grained

Answer 16

Individual large crystals 
Slow cooling(time to grow)

Question 17

Glassy

Answer 17

Fast(est) cooling

No mineral growth

Question 18

Mineral composition

Answer 18

Silica content of minerals
proportions of light and dark
Felsic and mafic

Question 19

Silica

Answer 19

Material formed from oxygen and silicon

Question 20

Felsic

Answer 20

SiO(2)Al
Light colored
From thick and slow flowing magma
Low density

Question 21

Mafic

Answer 21

FeMg
Dark colored
Hot and thin fluid magma
High density

Question 22

Silicates

Answer 22

Si and O
Most common group of minerals
Most abundant elements in earths crust

Question 23

Non silicate

Answer 23

Do not contain BOTH Si and O

Question 24

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

Answer 24

Si in middle 4 O surrounding it in Diamond form

Question 25

Pg 16

Answer 25

Minerals properties

Question 26

Pg 6

Answer 26

Igneous rock identification How to use chart: 1) draw straight line/make sure a line is present 2) take paper, set to scale and copy scale 3) put 0% to straight line and bottom line of where it intersects with given mineral 4) count the ticks until you reach top line of mineral 5) the tick at top line is the percent of mineral found in the rock

Question 27

Bowen series

Answer 27

``` Created by N.L. Bowen in 1900s Determines when/at what temp minerals crystallize at. Orderly sequence Discontinuous and continuous High temp of crystallization = mafic Low temp of crystallization = felsic ```

Question 28

Discontinuous

Answer 28

Different minerals formed Olivine forms first in hottest magma as it cools —> pyroxene and so on

Question 29

Continuous

Answer 29

Same mineral | plagioclase goes from all Ca —> all Na as temp goes from hot —> cool

Question 30

Potassium feldspar—> quartz

Answer 30

Last to form as magma cools temp decreases

Question 31

What is a mineral

Answer 31

``` Makes up most of rocks Grow to crystals when reach full growth potential -Naturally occurring -inorganic solid -definite chemical composition -crystal(atomic) structure ```

Question 32

Chemical composition

Answer 32

Made from chemical elements | Expressed in chem. formula

Question 33

Crystal structure

Answer 33

Formed from elements Specific pattern of atoms Mineral shape reflects atoms arrangement